Final Exam Flashcards
Name the 5 big factors of personality according to Acosta
Agreeableness
Openness
Conscientiousness
Neurotisicm
Extravertedness
What are the 3 areas of Sternberg’s triangle theory of love?
Passion
Intimacy
Commitment
Describe activity theory-
The more active and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives.
Describe wisdom-
Expert knowledge about practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgement about important matters. This might be a “fallacy”.
High levels of wisdom are rare. T/F
True
Describe what selective optimization with compensation theory-
This theory describes successful aging and how people can produce new resources and allocate them effectively to the tasks they want to master.
This is done through selection, optimization, and compensation.
What is the age range of emerging adulthood?
18-25
How did the old model of parent-adolescent relationships describe conflict-
Intense & Stressful
Name Erikson’s stage for adolescents-
Identity vs confusion
In middle and late adulthood, do men or women have a higher incidence of chronic disorder?
Men
Name 3 chronic disorders in men-
Dementia
Parkinson’s
Alzheimer’s
Describe what the contemporary life events approach is-
An approach emphasizing that how a life event influences an individual’s development depends not only on mediating factors, but the individual’s adaptation to the life even, the life-stage context, and the sociobiological context.
Episodic Memory
The retention of personal facts. (What happened in the last game of the World Series)
The decline in processing speed in older adults is likely due to functioning in the brain and the central nervous system. T/F
True
Research suggests that processing speed is an important indicator of the ability of older adults to continue to safely drive a vehicle. T/F
True
Name 3 factors of depression in late adulthood-
Decrease socialization
Death of a loved one
Poor health
Describe empty nest syndrome-
A decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.
Who are the two researchers who did studies on mid-life crises?
Levinson & Vaillant
In general, what do adult development experts say about mid-life crises?
They are exaggerated!
Did Levinson & Vailant share similar viewpoints on mid-life crises?
No
What was the main difference between the two viewpoints on midlife crises between Levinson & Vailant?
Levinson saw the midlife crisis as a definite crisis
Vailant saw it as a time for reassessing and recording the truth about one’s adolescence and adulthood
What population experiences the most intergenerational stress?
Middle adulthood
Implicit memory-
Memory that is unconsciously entered into the memory that effects behavior. (Not remember being somewhere but know exactly how to get to the swimming pool)
Why do males have higher rates of suicide than females?
Their completion rate is higher because they use more lethal means.
Describe report talk-
Designed to give information; this category of communication includes public speaking. Men engage in more of this talk.
Describe socioemotional selectivity theory is-
When time horizons are limited, there is a shift to priorities that favor emotional meaning and satisfaction. Older adults become more selective about their social networks. Because they place a high value on emotional satisfaction, older adults spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships.
Research shows that rest has shown to improve older adults’ processing speed. T/F
False
What is proven to improve processing speed in older adults?
Language development
Cognitive exercises
Exercise
Semantic Memory-
A person’s Recollection of general facts. (Like that rules of chess)
Cognitive pragmatic & cognitive mechanics; which one increases and decreases?
Pragmatics stabilizes in early adulthood.
Mechanics decline.
Cognitive mechanics-
Reflect the neurophysiological architecture of the brain. Consists of speed and accuracy of the processes involved in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization.
Cognitive pragmatics-
The culture-based “software programs” of the mind. Include reading and writing skills, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, and also the self-understanding and life skills that help us to master or cope with challenges
Erikson’s stage for early adulthood-
Intimacy vs isolation
Consensual validation-
An explanation of why individuals are attracted to people who are similar to them.
Components of infatuation-
Passion only
Components of Affectionate love-
Passion & intimacy
Components of fatuous love-
Passion & Commitment
Components of consummate love-
Passion, commitment, & intimacy
Describe what securely attached adults look like:
Positive views of relationships
Find it easy to get close to others
Are not overly concerned or stressed about their romantic relationships
What are the 4 statuses of identity in adolescents-
Diffusion
Foreclosure
Moratorium
Achievement
In an early adulthood the idea of post-formal thought was introduced by a theorist claiming there is a 5th stage of cognitive development. How did they describe this post-formal thought?
It is reflective, relativistic, contextual, provisional, realistic, and recognizes being influenced by emotion.
What do avoidant attached adults look like?
More hesitant about getting in romantic relationships and once they are in one, they distance themselves from their partner.
What is identity diffusion?
Individuals either withdraw, isolating themselves from peers and family, or they immerse themselves in the world of peers and lose their identity in the crowd.
Describe rapport talk-
The language of conversation; it is a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships.
Women enjoy this kind of talk more.
(Relational)
Which gender is stronger in general at report talk?
Men
As more women take jobs outside of the home, division of responsibility for working families are changing in 3 ways:
Men are taking more responsibility for maintaining the home
Women started taking more responsibility for the breadwinning
Men began showing greater interest in their families & parenting
Describe anxious attachment in adulthood:
Demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive.
According to research which attachment style is shown to increase the likelihood that they would engage in infidelity?
Anxious attachment style
Which attachment style do most adults describe themselves as?
Secure attachment
What is Erikson’s stage of middle adulthood?
Generativity vs stagnation
Explicit memory-
is conscious, intentional remembering of information. (Remembering a social security number involves explicit memory)
What is identity foreclosure?
Individuals who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis.
Occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, usually in an authoritarian way before adolescents get the chance to explore different options of their own.
What is identity achievement?
Individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.
Which children will have the most difficult time with re-marriage?
Adolescents
People diagnosed with anorexia often use food as a means of what?
Control
Date Rape & statistics-
Coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted.
2/3 female college students have experienced this at least once.
2/3 college men admit to fondling women against their will.
87% of alcohol-involved assaults on campuses were committed by serial perpetrators.
The role of spirituality as we get older-
Many older adults are spiritual leaders in their church or community.
More likely than younger people to say that religious faith is the most significant influence in their lives.
Formal operational thought-
Piaget’s final cognitive stage- are more knowledgeable than adolescents but do not enter a new stage.
