Final Exam 1301

Question 1

Who coined the term “sociology”?

Answer 1

August Comte, founding father of sociology

Question 2

What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common?

Answer 2

Their collective interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society

Question 3

What are the steps in a research process?

Answer 3

1. observation
2. hypothesis testing
   3 analysis of data
   4 generalization

Question 4

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 4

An effect first discovered while observing work groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were being watched. (work harder when watched

Question 5

People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as?

Answer 5

Transgendered

Question 6

What is miscegenation?

Answer 6

The mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations.

Question 7

What is conflict theory

Answer 7

A theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of power and coercion in producing social order.

Question 8

What are norms?

Answer 8

Specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation.

Question 9

Be familiar with Artie Hoschild’s study of the effect of speed up on families

Answer 9

Created the second shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes home to her “second shift” of mother chores= role conflict

Question 10

Symbolic interactionalism

Answer 10

most likely to focus on communication between man and wife

Question 11

What is a role?

Answer 11

Expected behavior associated with a given status in society

Question 12

What is a primary group?

Answer 12

Groups consisting of intimate, face to face interaction and relatively long lasting relationships

Question 13

Who introduced primary groups?

Answer 13

Charles Horton Cooley

Question 14

What is participation observation?

Answer 14

sociological research technique in which the researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she studies.

Question 15

What is the looking glass self?

Answer 15

explains how a person conception of self arises through considering our relationship to others

Question 16

What is the purpose of being deterrent?

Answer 16

For criminals to not want to repeat a crime.

Question 17

What is different association?

Answer 17

Interprets deviance including criminal behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others.

Question 18

What is institutional racism?

Answer 18

Form of racism where the negative treatment and oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society’s existing institutions based on the presume inferiority of the oppressed group

Question 19

How does Durkheim view institutional racism?

Answer 19

Racism exists at the social structure level rather than the individual level

Question 20

What is ethnicity?

Answer 20

group of people that share a certain culture

Question 21

What is he difference between ascribed status and achieved status?

Answer 21

Achieved is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort.
Ascribed is when you are born with that quality.

Question 22

What are tools of a sociologist?

Answer 22

1. Observation
2. Reasoning
3. Logical analysis

Question 23

What is sociology?

Answer 23

The study of human behavior in society.

Question 24

What is debunking?

Answer 24

Looking behind everyday life, look for “behind the scene” patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world.

Question 25

Writer of social imagination

Answer 25

C. Wright mills

Question 26

Jean Piaget work is associated with what theory?

Answer 26

Transformed early social learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretation

Question 27

Be familiar with the stages in piaget’s cognitive development theory

Answer 27

1. Sensorimotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete operational stage
4. Formal operational stage

Question 28

What is social stratification?

Answer 28

System of structured social inequality

Question 29

Who are the nouveau riche?

Answer 29

Upper class with newly acquired rich

Question 30

What country has greater sharing of domestic responsibility?

Answer 30

China

Question 31

What are the three r’s in education?

Answer 31

• Reading
• Writing
• Arithmetic

Question 32

What is the largest religion in the world?

Answer 32

Christianity

Question 33

What are cults?

Answer 33

Devoted religion to a specific cause

Question 34

What is social deviance?

Answer 34

Deviance is behavior that violates expected rules and norms.

Question 35

What is formal deviance?

Answer 35

Behavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes)

Question 36

Anorexia is most likely to affect what group?

Answer 36

Young white women from rich to do families

Question 37

What theory is different association associated with?

Answer 37

Symbolic interaction theory

Question 38

What is monotheism?

Answer 38

Belief in one god

Question 39

What is polytheism?

Answer 39

Belief in more than one god

Question 40

What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance?

Answer 40

Imprisonment and fines

Question 41

What percentage of Americans say religion can solve all or most of society’s problems?

Answer 41

2/3%

Question 42

What was the case of genie about?

Answer 42

The study of her being a feral child

Question 43

What sociological perspective associates that most vital jobs in cociety usually the greatest economic rewards?

Answer 43

Functionalist perspective