Final Exam 1301 Flashcards
Who coined the term “sociology”?
August Comte, founding father of sociology
What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common?
Their collective interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society
What are the steps in a research process?
- observation
- hypothesis testing
3 analysis of data
4 generalization
What is the Hawthorne effect?
An effect first discovered while observing work groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were being watched. (work harder when watched
People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as?
Transgendered
What is miscegenation?
The mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations.
What is conflict theory
A theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of power and coercion in producing social order.
What are norms?
Specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation.
Be familiar with Artie Hoschild’s study of the effect of speed up on families
Created the second shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes home to her “second shift” of mother chores= role conflict
Symbolic interactionalism
most likely to focus on communication between man and wife
What is a role?
Expected behavior associated with a given status in society
What is a primary group?
Groups consisting of intimate, face to face interaction and relatively long lasting relationships
Who introduced primary groups?
Charles Horton Cooley
What is participation observation?
sociological research technique in which the researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she studies.
What is the looking glass self?
explains how a person conception of self arises through considering our relationship to others
What is the purpose of being deterrent?
For criminals to not want to repeat a crime.
What is different association?
Interprets deviance including criminal behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others.
What is institutional racism?
Form of racism where the negative treatment and oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society’s existing institutions based on the presume inferiority of the oppressed group
How does Durkheim view institutional racism?
Racism exists at the social structure level rather than the individual level
What is ethnicity?
group of people that share a certain culture
What is he difference between ascribed status and achieved status?
Achieved is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort.
Ascribed is when you are born with that quality.
What are tools of a sociologist?
- Observation
- Reasoning
- Logical analysis
What is sociology?
The study of human behavior in society.
What is debunking?
Looking behind everyday life, look for “behind the scene” patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world.
Writer of social imagination
C. Wright mills
Jean Piaget work is associated with what theory?
Transformed early social learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretation
Be familiar with the stages in piaget’s cognitive development theory
- Sensorimotor stage
- Preoperational stage
- Concrete operational stage
- Formal operational stage
What is social stratification?
System of structured social inequality
Who are the nouveau riche?
Upper class with newly acquired rich
What country has greater sharing of domestic responsibility?
China
What are the three r’s in education?
- Reading
- Writing
- Arithmetic
What is the largest religion in the world?
Christianity
What are cults?
Devoted religion to a specific cause
What is social deviance?
Deviance is behavior that violates expected rules and norms.
What is formal deviance?
Behavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes)
Anorexia is most likely to affect what group?
Young white women from rich to do families
What theory is different association associated with?
Symbolic interaction theory
What is monotheism?
Belief in one god
What is polytheism?
Belief in more than one god
What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance?
Imprisonment and fines
What percentage of Americans say religion can solve all or most of society’s problems?
2/3%
What was the case of genie about?
The study of her being a feral child
What sociological perspective associates that most vital jobs in cociety usually the greatest economic rewards?
Functionalist perspective
