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Gross Anatomy I > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

What joint forms the connection between the lower extremity and pelvis?

A

Hip joint

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2
Q

Only the ________ joint is more moveable than the the hip joint?

A

Shoulder

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3
Q

The hip joint is subject to what diseases?

A

Inflammatory and degenerative diseases

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4
Q

T or F: The hip joint what one of the first joints for which a replacement prosthetic was designed?

A

True

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5
Q

T or F: The hip joint is commonly dislocated

A

False

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6
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?

A

Head of the femur + acetabulum of the pelvis

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7
Q

The cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by what?

A

The presence of the acetabular labrum

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8
Q

How much does the acetabular labrum increase the depth of the articulation of the hip joint?

A

10%

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9
Q

What is the transverse acetabular ligament?

A

Part of the acetabular labrum which bridges the notch

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10
Q

The hip joint is classified as what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket

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11
Q

T or F: The capsular ligament is strong and fairly loose allowing free movement?

A

True

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12
Q

T or F: The iliofemoral ligament is very weak

A

False, it’s the strongest ligament in the body

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13
Q

What is the strongest ligament of the body?

A

Illiofemoral

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14
Q

What are the attachments of the illiofemoral ligament?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine (superiorly) and the intertrochanteric line (inferior)

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15
Q

What ligament “screws” the head of the femur into the acetabulum?

A

Illiofemoral ligament

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16
Q

Is the Illiofemoral ligament intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Extrinsic

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17
Q

Does the Illiofemoral ligament act as a rope or as a wall?

A

Rope

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of the hip joint?

A

Femoral, obturator, and sciatic

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19
Q

When bending backwards, what muscles are brought into action to prevent the body from falling backward?

A

Anterior hip and abdominal muscles

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20
Q

When bending forward, which muscles are brought into play and prevent the body from falling forward?

A

Gluteal, hamstring, and spinal muscles

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21
Q

T or F: the pubofemoral reinforces the capsule ligament posteriorly and superiorly?

A

False, it reinforces the capsule anteriorly and inferiorly

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22
Q

What are the attachments of pubofemoral ligament?

A

Superior ramus of pubis (superiorly) to the intertrochanteric line (inferiorly)

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23
Q

What ligament of the hip prevents abduction at the joint?

A

Pubofemoral

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24
Q

Is the pubofemoral ligament intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Extrinsic

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25
Does the pubofemoral ligament act as a rope or like a wall?
Rope
26
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament reinforce the capsular ligament?
Posteriorly
27
What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Body of the ischium (superiorly) + the neck and greater trochanter of the femur (inferiorly)
28
Which hip ligament prevents hyperextension and abduction?
Ischiofemoral
29
Does the ischiofemoral ligament act as a rope or like a wall?
Rope
30
Is the ischiofemoral ligament extrinsic or intrinsic?
Extrinsic
31
What is the ligament also known as the ligament of the head of the femur?
Capitis Femoral Ligament
32
What hip ligament is a weak intrinsic ligament?
Capitis femoris ligament
33
What is the main function of the Capitis femoris ligament?
Conduct blood vessels to the head of the femur
34
Why does the hip joint have less movement than the shoulder joint?
Some movements have been sacrificed in order to provide strength and stability.
35
What is a term used to describe an ongoing process which is variable in its manifestations and not always detectable at birth?
Developmental dysplasia
36
Developmental displasia is also called what?
Congenital disclocation
37
How often is developmental dysplasia found?
1.5 per 1,000 live birthda
38
How often is developmental dysplasia bilateral?
50% of cases. 8x more common in females
39
Ligamentous laxity is associated with what?
Developmental dysplasia
40
Ligamentous laxity causes what?
Hip becomes unstable and slips out of position
41
Majority of infants with developmental dysplasia were born ______.
Breech
42
What are the 6 things that may occur if developmental dysplasia is not corrected?
Pain, abnormal gait, unequal leg length, osteoarthritis, twisting of the femur (femoral anteversion), contracture of the hip muscle
43
What is twisting of the femur?
Femoral anteversion
44
What dislocation of the hip is the most common?
Posterior dislocation
45
What happens during a posterior dislocation of the hip?
Femoral head passes through a tear in the capsular ligament and over the acetabulum, ending up on the illeum
46
A posterior hip dislocation may compromise what nerve?
Sciatic nerve
47
What happens during an anterior dislocation?
Head of the femur ends up in obturator foramen
48
An anterior hip dislocation can compromise what nerve?
Obturator nerve
49
What is the largest and most superficial joint in the body?
Knee joint
50
What 3 bones form the articulation of the knees joint?
Femur, tibia, and patella
51
What type of joint is the joint between the femur and patella?
Plane gliding
52
What type of joint is the joint between the femur and tibia?
Ginglymus (hinge) w/ some degrees of rotation when the joint is flexed
53
What is the nerve supply of the knee joint?
Femoral, obturator, common fibular, tibial
54
What is the purpose of the openings in the anterior aspect of the capsular ligament of the knee joint?
Alllows the synovial membrane to pass through and form bursae
55
What bursae is between the patella and the skin?
Subcutaneous prepatellar
56
Which bursae lies between the tibial tubercle and the skin?
Subcutaneous infrapatellar
57
Where is the deep infrapatellar bursae found?
Between the ligamentum patella and the tibial tubercle
58
Where is the suprapatellar bursae found?
Between the femur and common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps
59
What is the anterior ligament of the knee joint?
Ligamentum patella
60
Where does the ligamentum patella run?
From the apex of the patella to the tibial tubercle
61
What is the main role of ligamentum patella?
Maintaining the alignment of the patella relative to the articular surface of the femur
62
What knee ligaments are taut when the joint is fully extended and contributes to the stability while standing?
Collateral ligaments
63
What knee ligament attaches from the lateral epicondyle of the femur (superiorly) to the head of the fibula (inferiorly)?
Lateral collateral
64
Does the lateral collateral ligament act as a wall or like a rope?
Like a wall
65
What knee ligament prevents lateral (abduction) movement at the joint?
Lateral collateral
66
What knee ligament is superficial and seperate from the articular capsule of the joint?
Lateral collateral
67
What knee ligament blends with the articular capsule and is directly attatched to the medial meniscus?
Medial collateral
68
Where does the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint attach?
Medial epicondyle of the femur (superiorly) and to the medial side of the tibia (below the medical condyle (distally))
69
Does the medial collateral ligament act as a wall or like a rope?
Like a wall
70
What ligament prevents medial movement (addiction) of the knee joint?
Medial collateral
71
What ligament of the knee joint is found on the posterior side?
Oblique and actuate popliteal
72
Do the oblique and arcuate and popliteal act as a wall or like a rope?
Wall- prevents hyperextension
73
Is the ligamentum patella ligament of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic
74
Are the collateral ligaments of the knee joints extrinsic or intrinsic?
Extrinsic
75
Is the lateral collateral ligaments of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic
76
Is the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic
77
Are the oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic
78
What knee ligaments are the main bonds between the femur and tibia?
Crucifer ligaments
79
What cruciate ligament is the weaker of the 2?
Anterior cruciate
80
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?
Lateral condyle of femur to the anterior intercondylar area
81
What is the job of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia under the femur and acts like a rope.
82
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?
Medial condyle of the femur to the posterior intrcondylar area of the tibia
83
What is the job of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia under the femur and acts like a rope.
84
Are the cruciate ligament intrinsic or extrinsic?
Intrinsic
85
Are menisci intrinsic or extrinsic?
Intrinsic
86
What knee ligament is C shaped, less mobile, and firmly adheres to the medial collateral ligament?
Medial meniscus
87
What knee ligament is nearly circular in shape, freely movable and attached to the surface of the tibia?
Lateral meniscus
88
Is the medial meniscus or lateral meniscus smaller?
Lateral meniscus
89
What knee ligaments are a potion of the joint capsular ligament which attaches to the the edge of the menisci and helps to hold them in place?
Coronary ligaments
90
What ligament of the knee joins the anterior edges of the medial and lateral menisci and allows them to work together?
Transverse ligament of the knee
91
Lateral rotation of the tibia allows what?
Locking of the knee at full extentsion
92
How does the knee unlock?
Popliteus muscle must contract to rotate the tibial medially and thus cause flexion at the knee joint
93
What causes preparellar (Housemaid’s) Bursitis?
Friction between skin and patella Direct blow or falling on a flexed knee can also be causes.
94
What causes subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?
Excessive friction between skin and tibial tubercle
95
What is another name for subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?
Clergyman’s knee
96
What bursitis is common in roofers and tilers?
Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis
97
What is caused by bacteria from an abrasion or penetrating wound?
Suprapatellar bursitis
98
Is the knee joint susceptible to injury?
Yes because it is mobile and weight bearing

Gross Anatomy I (2 decks)

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