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Gross Anatomy I > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What joint forms the connection between the lower extremity and pelvis?

A

Hip joint

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2
Q

Only the ________ joint is more moveable than the the hip joint?

A

Shoulder

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3
Q

The hip joint is subject to what diseases?

A

Inflammatory and degenerative diseases

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4
Q

T or F: The hip joint what one of the first joints for which a replacement prosthetic was designed?

A

True

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5
Q

T or F: The hip joint is commonly dislocated

A

False

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6
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?

A

Head of the femur + acetabulum of the pelvis

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7
Q

The cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by what?

A

The presence of the acetabular labrum

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8
Q

How much does the acetabular labrum increase the depth of the articulation of the hip joint?

A

10%

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9
Q

What is the transverse acetabular ligament?

A

Part of the acetabular labrum which bridges the notch

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10
Q

The hip joint is classified as what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket

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11
Q

T or F: The capsular ligament is strong and fairly loose allowing free movement?

A

True

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12
Q

T or F: The iliofemoral ligament is very weak

A

False, it’s the strongest ligament in the body

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13
Q

What is the strongest ligament of the body?

A

Illiofemoral

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14
Q

What are the attachments of the illiofemoral ligament?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine (superiorly) and the intertrochanteric line (inferior)

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15
Q

What ligament “screws” the head of the femur into the acetabulum?

A

Illiofemoral ligament

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16
Q

Is the Illiofemoral ligament intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Extrinsic

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17
Q

Does the Illiofemoral ligament act as a rope or as a wall?

A

Rope

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of the hip joint?

A

Femoral, obturator, and sciatic

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19
Q

When bending backwards, what muscles are brought into action to prevent the body from falling backward?

A

Anterior hip and abdominal muscles

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20
Q

When bending forward, which muscles are brought into play and prevent the body from falling forward?

A

Gluteal, hamstring, and spinal muscles

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21
Q

T or F: the pubofemoral reinforces the capsule ligament posteriorly and superiorly?

A

False, it reinforces the capsule anteriorly and inferiorly

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22
Q

What are the attachments of pubofemoral ligament?

A

Superior ramus of pubis (superiorly) to the intertrochanteric line (inferiorly)

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23
Q

What ligament of the hip prevents abduction at the joint?

A

Pubofemoral

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24
Q

Is the pubofemoral ligament intrinsic or extrinsic?

A

Extrinsic

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25
Q

Does the pubofemoral ligament act as a rope or like a wall?

A

Rope

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26
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament reinforce the capsular ligament?

A

Posteriorly

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27
Q

What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Body of the ischium (superiorly) + the neck and greater trochanter of the femur (inferiorly)

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28
Q

Which hip ligament prevents hyperextension and abduction?

A

Ischiofemoral

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29
Q

Does the ischiofemoral ligament act as a rope or like a wall?

A

Rope

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30
Q

Is the ischiofemoral ligament extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Extrinsic

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31
Q

What is the ligament also known as the ligament of the head of the femur?

A

Capitis Femoral Ligament

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32
Q

What hip ligament is a weak intrinsic ligament?

A

Capitis femoris ligament

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33
Q

What is the main function of the Capitis femoris ligament?

A

Conduct blood vessels to the head of the femur

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34
Q

Why does the hip joint have less movement than the shoulder joint?

A

Some movements have been sacrificed in order to provide strength and stability.

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35
Q

What is a term used to describe an ongoing process which is variable in its manifestations and not always detectable at birth?

A

Developmental dysplasia

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36
Q

Developmental displasia is also called what?

A

Congenital disclocation

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37
Q

How often is developmental dysplasia found?

A

1.5 per 1,000 live birthda

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38
Q

How often is developmental dysplasia bilateral?

A

50% of cases. 8x more common in females

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39
Q

Ligamentous laxity is associated with what?

A

Developmental dysplasia

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40
Q

Ligamentous laxity causes what?

A

Hip becomes unstable and slips out of position

41
Q

Majority of infants with developmental dysplasia were born ______.

42
Q

What are the 6 things that may occur if developmental dysplasia is not corrected?

A

Pain, abnormal gait, unequal leg length, osteoarthritis, twisting of the femur (femoral anteversion), contracture of the hip muscle

43
Q

What is twisting of the femur?

A

Femoral anteversion

44
Q

What dislocation of the hip is the most common?

A

Posterior dislocation

45
Q

What happens during a posterior dislocation of the hip?

A

Femoral head passes through a tear in the capsular ligament and over the acetabulum, ending up on the illeum

46
Q

A posterior hip dislocation may compromise what nerve?

A

Sciatic nerve

47
Q

What happens during an anterior dislocation?

A

Head of the femur ends up in obturator foramen

48
Q

An anterior hip dislocation can compromise what nerve?

A

Obturator nerve

49
Q

What is the largest and most superficial joint in the body?

A

Knee joint

50
Q

What 3 bones form the articulation of the knees joint?

A

Femur, tibia, and patella

51
Q

What type of joint is the joint between the femur and patella?

A

Plane gliding

52
Q

What type of joint is the joint between the femur and tibia?

A

Ginglymus (hinge) w/ some degrees of rotation when the joint is flexed

53
Q

What is the nerve supply of the knee joint?

A

Femoral, obturator, common fibular, tibial

54
Q

What is the purpose of the openings in the anterior aspect of the capsular ligament of the knee joint?

A

Alllows the synovial membrane to pass through and form bursae

55
Q

What bursae is between the patella and the skin?

A

Subcutaneous prepatellar

56
Q

Which bursae lies between the tibial tubercle and the skin?

A

Subcutaneous infrapatellar

57
Q

Where is the deep infrapatellar bursae found?

A

Between the ligamentum patella and the tibial tubercle

58
Q

Where is the suprapatellar bursae found?

A

Between the femur and common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps

59
Q

What is the anterior ligament of the knee joint?

A

Ligamentum patella

60
Q

Where does the ligamentum patella run?

A

From the apex of the patella to the tibial tubercle

61
Q

What is the main role of ligamentum patella?

A

Maintaining the alignment of the patella relative to the articular surface of the femur

62
Q

What knee ligaments are taut when the joint is fully extended and contributes to the stability while standing?

A

Collateral ligaments

63
Q

What knee ligament attaches from the lateral epicondyle of the femur (superiorly) to the head of the fibula (inferiorly)?

A

Lateral collateral

64
Q

Does the lateral collateral ligament act as a wall or like a rope?

A

Like a wall

65
Q

What knee ligament prevents lateral (abduction) movement at the joint?

A

Lateral collateral

66
Q

What knee ligament is superficial and seperate from the articular capsule of the joint?

A

Lateral collateral

67
Q

What knee ligament blends with the articular capsule and is directly attatched to the medial meniscus?

A

Medial collateral

68
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint attach?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur (superiorly) and to the medial side of the tibia (below the medical condyle (distally))

69
Q

Does the medial collateral ligament act as a wall or like a rope?

A

Like a wall

70
Q

What ligament prevents medial movement (addiction) of the knee joint?

A

Medial collateral

71
Q

What ligament of the knee joint is found on the posterior side?

A

Oblique and actuate popliteal

72
Q

Do the oblique and arcuate and popliteal act as a wall or like a rope?

A

Wall- prevents hyperextension

73
Q

Is the ligamentum patella ligament of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?

74
Q

Are the collateral ligaments of the knee joints extrinsic or intrinsic?

75
Q

Is the lateral collateral ligaments of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?

76
Q

Is the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?

77
Q

Are the oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments of the knee joint intrinsic or extrinsic?

78
Q

What knee ligaments are the main bonds between the femur and tibia?

A

Crucifer ligaments

79
Q

What cruciate ligament is the weaker of the 2?

A

Anterior cruciate

80
Q

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?

A

Lateral condyle of femur to the anterior intercondylar area

81
Q

What is the job of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia under the femur and acts like a rope.

82
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

A

Medial condyle of the femur to the posterior intrcondylar area of the tibia

83
Q

What is the job of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia under the femur and acts like a rope.

84
Q

Are the cruciate ligament intrinsic or extrinsic?

85
Q

Are menisci intrinsic or extrinsic?

86
Q

What knee ligament is C shaped, less mobile, and firmly adheres to the medial collateral ligament?

A

Medial meniscus

87
Q

What knee ligament is nearly circular in shape, freely movable and attached to the surface of the tibia?

A

Lateral meniscus

88
Q

Is the medial meniscus or lateral meniscus smaller?

A

Lateral meniscus

89
Q

What knee ligaments are a potion of the joint capsular ligament which attaches to the the edge of the menisci and helps to hold them in place?

A

Coronary ligaments

90
Q

What ligament of the knee joins the anterior edges of the medial and lateral menisci and allows them to work together?

A

Transverse ligament of the knee

91
Q

Lateral rotation of the tibia allows what?

A

Locking of the knee at full extentsion

92
Q

How does the knee unlock?

A

Popliteus muscle must contract to rotate the tibial medially and thus cause flexion at the knee joint

93
Q

What causes preparellar (Housemaid’s) Bursitis?

A

Friction between skin and patella

Direct blow or falling on a flexed knee can also be causes.

94
Q

What causes subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?

A

Excessive friction between skin and tibial tubercle

95
Q

What is another name for subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis?

A

Clergyman’s knee

96
Q

What bursitis is common in roofers and tilers?

A

Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis

97
Q

What is caused by bacteria from an abrasion or penetrating wound?

A

Suprapatellar bursitis

98
Q

Is the knee joint susceptible to injury?

A

Yes because it is mobile and weight bearing

Gross Anatomy I (2 decks)

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