Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Historians and archaeologist believe that humans began to understand agriculture around the year
A
8000BC
2
Q
Mesopotamian civilization began to develop around
A
3000BC
3
Q
A majority of Mesopotamia was located in modern day
A
Iraq
4
Q
Which two rivers were the lifeline of Mesopotamia
A
Tigris and Euphrates
5
Q
Who was at the top of Mesopotamian social class structure
A
Kings
6
Q
Mesopotamians are credited with a variety of technological advancements including
A
Sails, use of bronze, numerical system based on 60
7
Q
Mesopotamians built massive mud-brick structures with a temple atop them called
A
Ziggurats
8
Q
According to Mesopotamian mythology, humans were created by the gods from
A
Clay
9
Q
The Mesopotamians used a writing system consisting of many wedge shaped combinations called
A
Cuneiform
10
Q
________ civilization used a base 60 counting system and developed ideas that still affect us today (360 degrees in a circle, 60 seconds in a minute)
A
Mesopotamian
11
Q
Which was the lifeline of civilization in ancient India
A
Indus
12
Q
Ancient Indian civilization began to develop in the Indus River Valley around
A
2500BC
13
Q
Most of the information learned about ancient Indian civilizations was found at which archaeological site
A
Harappa
14
Q
The Indus River Valley is located in which two modern day countries?
A
India and China
15
Q
Civilization began to develop in China around
A
2000BC
16
Q
Which two rivers made civilization in China possible
A
Yellow and Yangtze
17
Q
Longest river in world
A
Nile
18
Q
Narrow fertile of land on either side of Nile River
A
floodplain
19
Q
The desert that surrounds ancient Egypt on the east, west, and south
A
Sahara
20
Q
At the top of the Egyptian social class system
A
Pharaoh
21
Q
Egyptian god of afterlife
A
Osiris
22
Q
Egyptian half-human half-jackal god of mummification
A
Anubis
23
Q
Egyptian patron god of Pharaohs
A
Horus
24
Q
The technological achievement the Indus River Valley is most known for
A
Advanced city planning
25
Government ruled by an individual who claims divine authority
Theocracy
26
Theories for what caused the end of the Indus River Valley civilization
flooding, earthquakes, invasion
27
In ancient Egypt, and in other ancient civilizations, marriages are
Arranged by parents
28
__________ was the staple of the peasants class's diet in ancient Egypt
Grains
29
Egyptians believed that by wearing ______, they could ward off evil spirits and prevent injury
Jewelry
30
In ancient Egypt, peasant girls married around the age of
13
31
Historians believe that most of the pharaohs of the New Kingdom were buried
in underground tombs in the Valley of the Kings
32
What archaeologist found that made the translation of Egyptian Hieroglyphs possible
Rosetta Stone
33
In contrast to many ancient civilizations, the ______ of Egypt and Mesopotamia had a significant social and economic rights
Women
34
Where can the stele containing Hammurabi's code be found?
The Louvre in Paris
35
Most unusual thing about Nile River
Flows north to south
36
Religion that believes in one god
monotheism
37
Can be used in historical writing in place of BC
BCE
38
In the Mesopotamian world, they functioned as an independent country
City-state
39
When independent nations are brought together under a single ruler, this is formed
Empire
40
Trading of ideas
Cultural diffusion
41
A series of rulers from a same family
Dynasty
42
Can be used in historical writing in place of AD
CE
43
A religion that believes in two or more gods
Polytheism
44
Silt blown from the deserts surrounding China
Loess
45
Chinese justification for their right to rule
Mandate of Heaven
46
Government ruled by a king who claims divine authority
Theocracy
47
Seasonal winds that made farming possible in India
Monsoons
48
Egyptian god-kings
Pharaoh
49
The rise and fall of ruling families
Dynastic cycle
50
Egyptian pictograph style of writing
Hieroglyphics
51
What is culture
The way of life in a certain part of the world, what they believe in, the language/languages spoken, and the clothing worn
52
5 aspects of a culture
1) Clothing 2) Religion 3) Geography 4) Food and Drinks 5) Education
53
What development made civilization possible
Agriculture
54
Why gods were so complex in ancient religions
way to explain natural phenomenon's
55
This religion's followers were called by God to move to an area called Canaan
Judaism
56
The followers of _____ wear gauze masks to prevent harm to insects
Jainism
57
First monotheistic religion in the ancient world
Judaism
58
Holy books of _____are Vedas and Upanishads
Hinduism
59
The holy book of _____ is the Torah
Judaism
60
The creator of _______ was Siddhartha Gautama, who was raised as a royal prince
Buddhism
61
The _____ were a nomadic group, most likely from the steppes region of Eastern Europe, that created the basis for languages such as English, Spanish, and Hindi
Indo-Europeans
62
Most historians believed the Indo-European groups migrated from ____ to various places throughout the ancient world
Southwestern Russia
63
Abrahamic religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
64
_____ taught Four Noble Truths in teachings
Buddah
65
Religions that originated in India
Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism
66
____ believe in strict caste system which is designed to create social order and cohesion
Hindus
67
Holy city for Christians, Muslims, and Jews
Jerusalem
68
Religions that support vegetarianism
Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism
69
Indo-European group that helped usher the Iron Age with their skills in iron workings
Hittites
70
Formed the Vedas
Hinduism
71
Believed in karma
Jainism
72
Goal is to reach Nirvana
Buddhism
73
Founded by Mahavira
Jainism
74
Does not worship a deity (god)
Buddhism
75
The basis of this faith is that all living things have a soul, and none should be harmed
Jainism
76
The ultimate goal of this faith is to reach moksha, a state of perfect understanding of all things
Hinduism
77
Follows the 10 commandments
Judaism
78
Father of these people was Abraham
Judaism
79
Live their lives according to the Eightfold Path, with helps remove worldly desires
Buddhism
80
The ancient Persian Empire originated in what modern day country?
Iran
81
The first Persian king was ___, who was nicknamed "The Great" because of his compassion towards citizens of conquered territories
Cyrus
82
Geographical features that had the most influence the culture of Ancient Greeks
Mountains and Seas
83
Event that took place during the Mycenaean period written in Homer's Iliad
Trojan War
84
The _____, descendants of the Indo-Europeans, were the first group of "Greeks" to settle the Greek mainland
Mycenaeans
85
All took place following Greek Dark Age
Adoption of Phoenician alphabet, development of iron technology, migration away from Greek mainland
86
Persia planned to enact revenge on Athens in 490 BC when they launched their first invasion of mainland Greece at ______
Marathon
87
The Greek force that fought against the Persians at Marathon was mostly made up of soldiers from ______
Athens
88
After the victory over the Persians at Marathon, the Athenians built ____ to honor their god and those who lost their lives
the Parthenon
89
Elite infantry of Persian Empire that consisted of 10,000 soldiers
The Immortals
90
General of Greek force at Marathon
Miltiades
91
Persian king that ordered Persia's first invasion of Greece
Darius
92
Spartan king that led Greek forces against Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae
Leonidas
93
Allowed Persians to win Battle of Thermopylae
Persians found a path that allowed them to surround the Greeks
94
What happened at Salamis
Greeks tricked Persian navy and destroyed a majority of Persian ships
95
The age Spartan boys began official military training
7
96
Peloponnesian War fought between
Athens and Sparta
97
What we know about the Greco-Persian wars comes from the writings of
Thucydides
98
Two historians we rely on for information on the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Herodotus and Thucydides
99
A influential politician that led Athens during the Golden Age
Pericles
100
Macedonian king who conquered Greece in 338 BC
Phillip II
101
Alexander was __ years old when he assumed the Macedonian throne
20
102
How Alexander the Great died
Fever
103
Helot
Slave
104
Caused major difficulties uniting Greeks under single government
size of region, independent nature of the people, geography of region
105
Why Alexandria, Egypt was important during Hellenistic period
Foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture
106
Alexander the G conquered these regions after Greece
Persian Empire, Egypt, and Indus River Valley
107
Greek Philosophers
Aristotle, Socrates, Plato
108
Part of Spartan government
Council of elders, 2 kings, ephors
109
Government of Sparta
Oligarchy
110
First known democracy was it
Athens
111
took place during greek dark age
iron introduced to Greeks, Phoenician alphabet introduced, migration to Mediterranean
112
Government Athens developed
Democracy
113
Driven from Greece before golden age of Athens
Persians
114
Important feature of Athenian democracy under Pericles
Increased number of paid public officials
115
What led to Spartans victory over Athens in Peloponnesian War
Sparta built a navy that was able to destroy the Athenian navy
116
Schooling focused on reading, grammar, poetry, history, math and music
Athens
117
Men entered active duty in the military at age of 20
Sparta
118
Did not allow citizens to travel
Sparta
119
Held monthly voting session in which all males of age could cast their votes
Athens
120
Only allowed those whose bloodline were traced to the founders of the city-state to have political power
Sparta
121
Ruled over a Persian province
Satraps
122
Fortified hilltop which usually included the most important buildings in a Greek city-state
Acropolis
123
Narrative poems that celebrate heroic deeds
Epic
124
A government ruled by a single person
Monarchy
125
A 1,677 mile road that connected the far ends of the Persian Empire
Royal Road
126
Marketplace of a Greek city-state
Agora
127
Greek city-state
Polis
128
A government ruled by a few powerful people
Oligarchy
129
A state with political, economic, or military leader with control over other states
Hegemon
130
One who gains political power by force
Tyrant
131
Greek shield, made famous by its Argive grip
Hoplon
132
Greek side sword
Xiphos
133
Spartan slave class
helot
134
Greek heavily armed foot soldier
hoplite
135
culmination of a Spartan boy's training which required him to survive for one month on his own in the wild
Krypteia
136
Fighting formation used by all Greek city-states, made them the battle tanks of the ancient world
Phalanx
137
Greek spear, usually between 6-8 ft in length
Dory
138
Often a young woman, Greeks visited these to seek guidance for important decisions
Oracle
139
Primary weapon for Roman soldier was his sword
gladius
140
Roman Javelin like spear
Pila (pilum)
141
Pax Romana
Roman Peace
