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Western Civilizations 1 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Historians and archaeologist believe that humans began to understand agriculture around the year

A

8000BC

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2
Q

Mesopotamian civilization began to develop around

A

3000BC

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3
Q

A majority of Mesopotamia was located in modern day

A

Iraq

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4
Q

Which two rivers were the lifeline of Mesopotamia

A

Tigris and Euphrates

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5
Q

Who was at the top of Mesopotamian social class structure

A

Kings

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6
Q

Mesopotamians are credited with a variety of technological advancements including

A

Sails, use of bronze, numerical system based on 60

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7
Q

Mesopotamians built massive mud-brick structures with a temple atop them called

A

Ziggurats

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8
Q

According to Mesopotamian mythology, humans were created by the gods from

A

Clay

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9
Q

The Mesopotamians used a writing system consisting of many wedge shaped combinations called

A

Cuneiform

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10
Q

________ civilization used a base 60 counting system and developed ideas that still affect us today (360 degrees in a circle, 60 seconds in a minute)

A

Mesopotamian

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11
Q

Which was the lifeline of civilization in ancient India

A

Indus

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12
Q

Ancient Indian civilization began to develop in the Indus River Valley around

A

2500BC

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13
Q

Most of the information learned about ancient Indian civilizations was found at which archaeological site

A

Harappa

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14
Q

The Indus River Valley is located in which two modern day countries?

A

India and China

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15
Q

Civilization began to develop in China around

A

2000BC

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16
Q

Which two rivers made civilization in China possible

A

Yellow and Yangtze

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17
Q

Longest river in world

A

Nile

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18
Q

Narrow fertile of land on either side of Nile River

A

floodplain

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19
Q

The desert that surrounds ancient Egypt on the east, west, and south

A

Sahara

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20
Q

At the top of the Egyptian social class system

A

Pharaoh

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21
Q

Egyptian god of afterlife

A

Osiris

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22
Q

Egyptian half-human half-jackal god of mummification

A

Anubis

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23
Q

Egyptian patron god of Pharaohs

A

Horus

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24
Q

The technological achievement the Indus River Valley is most known for

A

Advanced city planning

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25
Q

Government ruled by an individual who claims divine authority

A

Theocracy

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26
Q

Theories for what caused the end of the Indus River Valley civilization

A

flooding, earthquakes, invasion

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27
Q

In ancient Egypt, and in other ancient civilizations, marriages are

A

Arranged by parents

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28
Q

__________ was the staple of the peasants class’s diet in ancient Egypt

A

Grains

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29
Q

Egyptians believed that by wearing ______, they could ward off evil spirits and prevent injury

A

Jewelry

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30
Q

In ancient Egypt, peasant girls married around the age of

A

13

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31
Q

Historians believe that most of the pharaohs of the New Kingdom were buried

A

in underground tombs in the Valley of the Kings

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32
Q

What archaeologist found that made the translation of Egyptian Hieroglyphs possible

A

Rosetta Stone

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33
Q

In contrast to many ancient civilizations, the ______ of Egypt and Mesopotamia had a significant social and economic rights

A

Women

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34
Q

Where can the stele containing Hammurabi’s code be found?

A

The Louvre in Paris

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35
Q

Most unusual thing about Nile River

A

Flows north to south

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36
Q

Religion that believes in one god

A

monotheism

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37
Q

Can be used in historical writing in place of BC

A

BCE

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38
Q

In the Mesopotamian world, they functioned as an independent country

A

City-state

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39
Q

When independent nations are brought together under a single ruler, this is formed

A

Empire

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40
Q

Trading of ideas

A

Cultural diffusion

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41
Q

A series of rulers from a same family

A

Dynasty

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42
Q

Can be used in historical writing in place of AD

A

CE

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43
Q

A religion that believes in two or more gods

A

Polytheism

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44
Q

Silt blown from the deserts surrounding China

A

Loess

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45
Q

Chinese justification for their right to rule

A

Mandate of Heaven

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46
Q

Government ruled by a king who claims divine authority

A

Theocracy

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47
Q

Seasonal winds that made farming possible in India

A

Monsoons

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48
Q

Egyptian god-kings

A

Pharaoh

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49
Q

The rise and fall of ruling families

A

Dynastic cycle

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50
Q

Egyptian pictograph style of writing

A

Hieroglyphics

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51
Q

What is culture

A

The way of life in a certain part of the world, what they believe in, the language/languages spoken, and the clothing worn

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52
Q

5 aspects of a culture

A

1) Clothing 2) Religion 3) Geography 4) Food and Drinks 5) Education

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53
Q

What development made civilization possible

A

Agriculture

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54
Q

Why gods were so complex in ancient religions

A

way to explain natural phenomenon’s

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55
Q

This religion’s followers were called by God to move to an area called Canaan

A

Judaism

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56
Q

The followers of _____ wear gauze masks to prevent harm to insects

A

Jainism

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57
Q

First monotheistic religion in the ancient world

A

Judaism

58
Q

Holy books of _____are Vedas and Upanishads

A

Hinduism

59
Q

The holy book of _____ is the Torah

A

Judaism

60
Q

The creator of _______ was Siddhartha Gautama, who was raised as a royal prince

A

Buddhism

61
Q

The _____ were a nomadic group, most likely from the steppes region of Eastern Europe, that created the basis for languages such as English, Spanish, and Hindi

A

Indo-Europeans

62
Q

Most historians believed the Indo-European groups migrated from ____ to various places throughout the ancient world

A

Southwestern Russia

63
Q

Abrahamic religions

A

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

64
Q

_____ taught Four Noble Truths in teachings

A

Buddah

65
Q

Religions that originated in India

A

Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism

66
Q

____ believe in strict caste system which is designed to create social order and cohesion

A

Hindus

67
Q

Holy city for Christians, Muslims, and Jews

A

Jerusalem

68
Q

Religions that support vegetarianism

A

Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism

69
Q

Indo-European group that helped usher the Iron Age with their skills in iron workings

A

Hittites

70
Q

Formed the Vedas

A

Hinduism

71
Q

Believed in karma

A

Jainism

72
Q

Goal is to reach Nirvana

A

Buddhism

73
Q

Founded by Mahavira

A

Jainism

74
Q

Does not worship a deity (god)

A

Buddhism

75
Q

The basis of this faith is that all living things have a soul, and none should be harmed

A

Jainism

76
Q

The ultimate goal of this faith is to reach moksha, a state of perfect understanding of all things

A

Hinduism

77
Q

Follows the 10 commandments

A

Judaism

78
Q

Father of these people was Abraham

A

Judaism

79
Q

Live their lives according to the Eightfold Path, with helps remove worldly desires

A

Buddhism

80
Q

The ancient Persian Empire originated in what modern day country?

A

Iran

81
Q

The first Persian king was ___, who was nicknamed “The Great” because of his compassion towards citizens of conquered territories

A

Cyrus

82
Q

Geographical features that had the most influence the culture of Ancient Greeks

A

Mountains and Seas

83
Q

Event that took place during the Mycenaean period written in Homer’s Iliad

A

Trojan War

84
Q

The _____, descendants of the Indo-Europeans, were the first group of “Greeks” to settle the Greek mainland

A

Mycenaeans

85
Q

All took place following Greek Dark Age

A

Adoption of Phoenician alphabet, development of iron technology, migration away from Greek mainland

86
Q

Persia planned to enact revenge on Athens in 490 BC when they launched their first invasion of mainland Greece at ______

A

Marathon

87
Q

The Greek force that fought against the Persians at Marathon was mostly made up of soldiers from ______

A

Athens

88
Q

After the victory over the Persians at Marathon, the Athenians built ____ to honor their god and those who lost their lives

A

the Parthenon

89
Q

Elite infantry of Persian Empire that consisted of 10,000 soldiers

A

The Immortals

90
Q

General of Greek force at Marathon

A

Miltiades

91
Q

Persian king that ordered Persia’s first invasion of Greece

A

Darius

92
Q

Spartan king that led Greek forces against Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae

A

Leonidas

93
Q

Allowed Persians to win Battle of Thermopylae

A

Persians found a path that allowed them to surround the Greeks

94
Q

What happened at Salamis

A

Greeks tricked Persian navy and destroyed a majority of Persian ships

95
Q

The age Spartan boys began official military training

A

7

96
Q

Peloponnesian War fought between

A

Athens and Sparta

97
Q

What we know about the Greco-Persian wars comes from the writings of

A

Thucydides

98
Q

Two historians we rely on for information on the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars

A

Herodotus and Thucydides

99
Q

A influential politician that led Athens during the Golden Age

A

Pericles

100
Q

Macedonian king who conquered Greece in 338 BC

A

Phillip II

101
Q

Alexander was __ years old when he assumed the Macedonian throne

A

20

102
Q

How Alexander the Great died

A

Fever

103
Q

Helot

A

Slave

104
Q

Caused major difficulties uniting Greeks under single government

A

size of region, independent nature of the people, geography of region

105
Q

Why Alexandria, Egypt was important during Hellenistic period

A

Foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture

106
Q

Alexander the G conquered these regions after Greece

A

Persian Empire, Egypt, and Indus River Valley

107
Q

Greek Philosophers

A

Aristotle, Socrates, Plato

108
Q

Part of Spartan government

A

Council of elders, 2 kings, ephors

109
Q

Government of Sparta

A

Oligarchy

110
Q

First known democracy was it

A

Athens

111
Q

took place during greek dark age

A

iron introduced to Greeks, Phoenician alphabet introduced, migration to Mediterranean

112
Q

Government Athens developed

A

Democracy

113
Q

Driven from Greece before golden age of Athens

A

Persians

114
Q

Important feature of Athenian democracy under Pericles

A

Increased number of paid public officials

115
Q

What led to Spartans victory over Athens in Peloponnesian War

A

Sparta built a navy that was able to destroy the Athenian navy

116
Q

Schooling focused on reading, grammar, poetry, history, math and music

A

Athens

117
Q

Men entered active duty in the military at age of 20

A

Sparta

118
Q

Did not allow citizens to travel

A

Sparta

119
Q

Held monthly voting session in which all males of age could cast their votes

A

Athens

120
Q

Only allowed those whose bloodline were traced to the founders of the city-state to have political power

A

Sparta

121
Q

Ruled over a Persian province

A

Satraps

122
Q

Fortified hilltop which usually included the most important buildings in a Greek city-state

A

Acropolis

123
Q

Narrative poems that celebrate heroic deeds

A

Epic

124
Q

A government ruled by a single person

A

Monarchy

125
Q

A 1,677 mile road that connected the far ends of the Persian Empire

A

Royal Road

126
Q

Marketplace of a Greek city-state

A

Agora

127
Q

Greek city-state

A

Polis

128
Q

A government ruled by a few powerful people

A

Oligarchy

129
Q

A state with political, economic, or military leader with control over other states

A

Hegemon

130
Q

One who gains political power by force

A

Tyrant

131
Q

Greek shield, made famous by its Argive grip

A

Hoplon

132
Q

Greek side sword

A

Xiphos

133
Q

Spartan slave class

A

helot

134
Q

Greek heavily armed foot soldier

A

hoplite

135
Q

culmination of a Spartan boy’s training which required him to survive for one month on his own in the wild

A

Krypteia

136
Q

Fighting formation used by all Greek city-states, made them the battle tanks of the ancient world

A

Phalanx

137
Q

Greek spear, usually between 6-8 ft in length

A

Dory

138
Q

Often a young woman, Greeks visited these to seek guidance for important decisions

A

Oracle

139
Q

Primary weapon for Roman soldier was his sword

A

gladius

140
Q

Roman Javelin like spear

A

Pila (pilum)

141
Q

Pax Romana

A

Roman Peace

Western Civilizations 1 (1 decks)

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