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Med/Surg Orthopedics > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

6 AC dislocations

A

1: sprain
2: AC joint disrupted and AC ligament injury
3: AC and coracoclavicular ligaments, deltoid, and trap injury
4: posterior
5: 100-300% displacement of coracoclavicular distance
6: inferior

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2
Q

anterior dislocation of shoulder

A

younger patients have higher rate of occurance
older people have greater risk of rotator cuff tears
axillary nerve is most commonly injured
musculocutaneous nerve is commonly injured with surgery

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3
Q

nerve injuries associated with humeral fractures

A

nerves normally resolve spontaneously
radial nerve palsy occurs in 5-10% of patients
radial nerve apraxia

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4
Q

what kind of pediatric fractures get tardy nervy palsy

A

lateral condyle fractures of the humerus that don’t heal and go into valgus

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5
Q

fractures of distal radius with disruption of DRUJ

A

Essex lopresti: radial head fracture and DRUJ injury
Galeazzi fracture: distal radius with DRUJ dislocation
Nursemaid’s elbow: subluxation of radial head

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6
Q

boxer’s fracture

A

5th MTC neck fracture

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7
Q

guyeon’s canal and cubital tunnel

A

guyeon’s: ulnar nerve comes next to medial at wrist
cubital: ulnar nerve at the elbow
both can get compressed

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8
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow
ECRB, hand/wrist extensors
treat non operatively
associated with ulnar nerve problems

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9
Q

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis

A

6 total compartments
1st compartment has APL and EPB tendons
anatomical snuff box

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10
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

thickening of palmar fascia
associated with seizure disorder, repeat trauma, alcoholics, Irish background, dupuytren’s disease and peyronie’s disease

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11
Q

trigger finger

A

thickening and catching of the A1 pulley flexor tendon

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12
Q

shoulder dislocations are associated with

A

bankart lesion: anterior glenoid labrum tear
axillary nerve injury

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13
Q

what fractures lead to traumatic fractures

A

intra articular (in joint) are worse
salter 3 goes into joint

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14
Q

what is the major function of the biceps tendon

A

supinations (40% of supination strength)

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15
Q

golfer’s elbow

A

medial epicondylitis
flexors of wrist

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16
Q

how to test for De Quervain’s

A

positive finklestein’s test

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17
Q

muscular contraction that is at a constant rate

A

isokinetic

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18
Q

concentric

A

muscle shortening

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19
Q

eccentric

A

muscle lengthening

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20
Q

most sensitive test for ACL is

A

lachman’s

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21
Q

lumbar nerves DTR, motor and sensory

A

L4: anterior tibial, knee, medial foot
L5: EHL, 1st web space
S1: peroneals and PFs, achilles, lateral foot

22
Q

fragmentation of femoral capital epiphysis

A

leeg calves perthes disease

23
Q

quasi moto is tuberculosis of the spine

A

potts disease

24
Q

treatment indications for scoliosis

A

bracing: more than 25 degrees with progression and growth or 30 degrees and still growing
surgery: more than 40 degrees and progression or 50 degrees

25
Q

what is seen on an xray with someone with osteoarthritis

A

subcondral cysts
sceloris
decreased joint space
pariarticular calcification

26
Q

what is the initial treatment for OA

A

rest
heat
PT
anti inflammatories

27
Q

how does cancellous bone fail

A

compression injury

28
Q

trendelenburg sign

A

when you stand on one foot with weak abductors, the opposite hip drops and pt. shifts weight towards involved sidee

29
Q

characteristics of woven bone

A

non parallel
different sizes and shapes

30
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

slipping of one vertebral body on another
occurs with hyperextension of the spine that occurs in football and ballet athletes

31
Q

nutritional rickets is a lack of

A

vitamin D

32
Q

scurvy is a lack of

A

vitamin C

33
Q

what tumors metastasis to bone

A

kidney
thyroid
breast
prostate

34
Q

what is a green stick fracture

A

convex fails under tension and concave side

35
Q

first and most significant symptom of osteomyelitis

A

pain

36
Q

dead bone that sits

A

sequesterd

37
Q

what shows up as less bone on an xray

A

osteopenia

38
Q

what type of collagen is in bone

A

type 1 collagen

39
Q

how to treat posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

A

operate because it presses on nerves and arteries

40
Q

silver fork deformity

A

colles fracture

41
Q

fracture of the ulnar shaft that is associated with ulnar head dislocation

A

conteggia fracture

42
Q

bowman’s angle

A

supracondylar humereus fractures

43
Q

talus fracture and radial lucency after a few weeks

A

hawkin’s sign
good because blood going to dead bone

44
Q

volcman’s ischemic is a result of?

A

intrinsic tightness and loss of function of hand
long term sequelle of compartment syndrome

45
Q

most specific test for ACL is

A

pivot shift

46
Q

club foot

A

telipes equines deformity and hind foot in varus

47
Q

le sage test

A

test for lumbosacral radiculopathy
Classifications SLR test

48
Q

flip test

A

test for lumbosacral radiculopathy
sitting root test

49
Q

how does cortical bone fail

A

withstands compression and shear more than tension

50
Q

monteggia fracture

A

ulnar shaft fracture with radial head dislocation and posterior interosseous nerve palsy

51
Q

madelung’s deformity

A

ulnar positive deviation and radial deformity. growth plate makes radius grows towards ulna

Med/Surg Orthopedics (2 decks)

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