Final Exam Flashcards
What is the definition of macronutrients? Which ones are they?
These are nutrients that are required in significant amounts in the body, these include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
How many calories per gram of protein? Carbohydrate? Fat?
Protein provides you with 4 calories per gram, carbohydrates provide you with 4 calories per gram, and fats provide us with 9 calories per gram
What is the body’s primary energy source?
Carbohydrates
1 pound of fat provides how many calories?
1 pound of fat can provide 3500 calories
What is the easiest way to measure dehydration?
An easy way to measure dehydration is a change in body weight from pre-workout to post-workout
What is the definition of a pre-game meal?
Helps to provide adequate fluid to maintain hydration and carbohydrates to maximize blood glucose and stored glycogen levels
What should a pre-competition meal consist of?
Meals should be low in fat and fiber so that they empty rapidly from the stomach and minimize any gastrointestinal distress
How long before competition should an athlete hydrate?
Athletes should prehydrate several hours before competition to allow for fluid absorption and urine output.
What type of athlete is carb loading most effective for?
Most effective for aerobic endurance athletes
What percentage of body weight due to dehydration is terrible?
Athletes should hydrate enough to prevent weight loss exceeding 2% of their body weight
What 2 nutrients are most needed after competition or training?
Carbohydrates and Protein
What are the anabolic effects of testosterone?
Promote muscle building.
What are the androgenic effects of testosterone?
Are responsible for male traits, such as facial hair and a deeper voice.
What is the definition of an anabolic steroid?
Any drug or hormonal substance chemically or pharmacologically related to testosterone, all prohormones, including dehydroepiandrosterone, and all substances listed in the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004.
What forms do performance-enhancing drugs come in?
Tablets, injectables, implants, buccal, creams, patches, and gels
What are the health risks for both males and females steroids?
Acne, stunted growth in teens, high blood pressure, blood clots, liver damage, headaches, increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries, baldness
What are the health risks that males face from using steroids?
Risky behavior, Impulsivity, Body image, Media
What are the health risks that females face from using steroids?
Self-esteem, Depression/mood, Body image, Media
What is cycling?
Anabolic steroids are taken orally or injected, typically in cycles of weeks or months, rather than continuously.
What is stacking?
Users often combine several different types of steroids to maximize their effectiveness while trying to minimize negative effects.
What is androstenedione?
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes.
What is erythropoietin?
A type of hormone used to treat anemia in people with severe kidney disease.
What are diuretics?
Drugs that change your body’s natural balance of fluids and salts (electrolytes) and can lead to dehydration.
What is a stimulant?
They stimulate the central nervous system and increase heart rate and blood pressure.
