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APT > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of macronutrients? Which ones are they?

A

These are nutrients that are required in significant amounts in the body, these include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

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2
Q

How many calories per gram of protein? Carbohydrate? Fat?

A

Protein provides you with 4 calories per gram, carbohydrates provide you with 4 calories per gram, and fats provide us with 9 calories per gram

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3
Q

What is the body’s primary energy source?

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

1 pound of fat provides how many calories?

A

1 pound of fat can provide 3500 calories

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5
Q

What is the easiest way to measure dehydration?

A

An easy way to measure dehydration is a change in body weight from pre-workout to post-workout

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6
Q

What is the definition of a pre-game meal?

A

Helps to provide adequate fluid to maintain hydration and carbohydrates to maximize blood glucose and stored glycogen levels

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7
Q

What should a pre-competition meal consist of?

A

Meals should be low in fat and fiber so that they empty rapidly from the stomach and minimize any gastrointestinal distress

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8
Q

How long before competition should an athlete hydrate?

A

Athletes should prehydrate several hours before competition to allow for fluid absorption and urine output.

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9
Q

What type of athlete is carb loading most effective for?

A

Most effective for aerobic endurance athletes

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10
Q

What percentage of body weight due to dehydration is terrible?

A

Athletes should hydrate enough to prevent weight loss exceeding 2% of their body weight

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11
Q

What 2 nutrients are most needed after competition or training?

A

Carbohydrates and Protein

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12
Q

What are the anabolic effects of testosterone?

A

Promote muscle building.

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13
Q

What are the androgenic effects of testosterone?

A

Are responsible for male traits, such as facial hair and a deeper voice.

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14
Q

What is the definition of an anabolic steroid?

A

Any drug or hormonal substance chemically or pharmacologically related to testosterone, all prohormones, including dehydroepiandrosterone, and all substances listed in the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004.

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15
Q

What forms do performance-enhancing drugs come in?

A

Tablets, injectables, implants, buccal, creams, patches, and gels

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16
Q

What are the health risks for both males and females steroids?

A

Acne, stunted growth in teens, high blood pressure, blood clots, liver damage, headaches, increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries, baldness

17
Q

What are the health risks that males face from using steroids?

A

Risky behavior, Impulsivity, Body image, Media

18
Q

What are the health risks that females face from using steroids?

A

Self-esteem, Depression/mood, Body image, Media

19
Q

What is cycling?

A

Anabolic steroids are taken orally or injected, typically in cycles of weeks or months, rather than continuously.

20
Q

What is stacking?

A

Users often combine several different types of steroids to maximize their effectiveness while trying to minimize negative effects.

21
Q

What is androstenedione?

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands, ovaries and testes.

22
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

A type of hormone used to treat anemia in people with severe kidney disease.

23
Q

What are diuretics?

A

Drugs that change your body’s natural balance of fluids and salts (electrolytes) and can lead to dehydration.

24
Q

What is a stimulant?

A

They stimulate the central nervous system and increase heart rate and blood pressure.

25
Q

How much exercise is recommended and how often?

A

Most days of the week and for a minimum of 30 minutes

26
Q

What is physical fitness?

A

Good health or physical condition, especially as the result of exercise and proper nutrition.

27
Q

What are the 4 components of fitness?

A

Aerobic, Muscular, Flexibility, Body Composition

28
Q

What is aerobic fitness?

A

The body’s ability to take in and use oxygen to produce energy.

29
Q

What is muscular fitness?

A

The strength and endurance of your muscles.

30
Q

What is flexibility?

A

The ability to bend joints and stretch muscles through a full range of motion.

31
Q

What is body composition?

A

The amount of fat tissue relative to other tissue in your body.

32
Q

How does a person figure out their target heart rate? What percentage of your max heart rate should it be between?

A

MHR X .60 = Minimum Heart Rate ; 205 x .60 = 123
MHR X .80 = Maximum Heart Rate ; 205 x .80 = 164

APT (1 decks)

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