Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
industrial revolution (key points)
A
first revolution (1700s-1800s) to shift to steam power, and new transportation
second revolution (1860s-1950s) start of mass automation assembly and goods from other countries
2
Q
transportation in the late 18th and early 19th
A
included walking, stagecoach, snowshoes, sleds (took 3 or 4 days from Montreal to Quebec City)
spent many days travelling for sports games
3
Q
role of steamboats and sports
A
donated prizes and money, took spectators to sports events, special prices for sports teams to travel to events
4
Q
role of the Canadian railway
A
supported competitive spread of sport in Canada
1867- 3200km of track connected Ontario, Quebec and Maritimes
1885- rocky mountains were connected
1900- almost 30000km of railway tracks
5
Q
railway and sport
A
- reduction in travel time
- regularity of competitions
- promotion of multi-club and multi-sport events
6
Q
communications influence on sport
A
- changes in sport production and dispersion
- increase in newspapers and increase in telegraph which is live results of sporting matches
- increased attention to sports stories
7
Q
development in equipment
A
- more accessible and more standardized with sport specific regulations
- making equipment affordable so all people could participate
8
Q
urbanization in Montreal
A
- shift from urban to rural lives
- large impact on the organization and professionalization of sport
- 1850s onwards, rules, standards, regulations
9
Q
muscular Christianity
A
- belief system in the 19th century
- assumption that sport, manliness and building character went hand-in-hand
10
Q
Montreal Curling Club
A
began in 1807, established rules in 1820 and was a social event
11
Q
Montreal Snowshoe Club
A
began in 1843, 12 men organized the club with recreational and competitive snowshoeing
12
Q
summer sports in Montreal (specific sports)
A
Cricket (1843)
Lacrosse (1856)
Biking (1878)
13
Q
Montreal amateur athletic association (who, why what did it start)
A
run by businessmen who had professional skills to run the organization, created the pyramid structure in Canadian sport
14
Q
what is amateurism
A
governing authorities created “amateur codes” to control who could participate based on class and race
15
Q
origins of amateurism
A
began in the late 1870s in the USA, more focused on payment and less on class structure
it is the absence of professionalism
16
Q
amateurism in Canada
A
- affluent in upper class who could afford sports
- competitive sports payed players and it became an issue
- other rules/ regulations were created (explicitly saying black Canadians weren’t allowed to compete)
17
Q
what happened to the AAAC
A
- grew incredibly quickly and became highly competitive
- control of almost all sports
- athletes would be paid but pretend to be amateur
18
Q
charges and rules in sport
A
- paid refs not allowed to play
- suspensions of amateur code was violated
- goal was to abolish professionalism
19
Q
the athletic war
A
- 1907-1909
- MAAA vs. CAAU
- disagreement on rules about amateurs being allowed to play with or against pros
- MAAA trying to withdraw from CAAU
20
Q
history of pro hockey
A
- IHL in 1904 between small towns in US and Northern Ontario
- Stanley cup was competed for in 1905
- NHA founded in 1909 and signed contracts by 1910
- 1911 changes to enhance sports entertainment value and a $5000 salary limit per team
21
Q
history of NHL
A
- pacific coast hockey adopted Stanley cup in 1914
- WHL joined in 1921
- expansion into USA by NHA in 1917 and then turned into NHL
- PCHL and WCHL were sold to the NHL in 1926
22
Q
early Canada (what did they have in terms of culture)
A
competing ideas of notion-hood with diverse culture and diverse languages
23
Q
British North America and 19th century Canada
A
- embraced cultural connections to Britain
- competing values country wide
- confederation in 1867
24
Q
confederations role in sport
A
- facilitate taxes and government control
- Canadians had little in common with each other
- nation building
- increase in popularity of sport
25
Canadian sport in 1871 (significant sports teams first)
Ontario rifle team traveled to England to compete
26
Canadian sport in 1871
Ontario rifle team traveled to England to compete
27
Canadian sport 1895 (what did it mean to the country)
- Canadian won the queens prize
- met with major Canadian cities upon return
- victory was celebrated as nationalism by politicians
28
modern Olympic Games
- commenced in 1896
- structure created for competition, sport, and nation-hood
- opportunity for countries to demonstrate superiority
- creation of national sporting icons
29
hockey in the late 1800s to early 1900s
- first formalized rule-based match recorded in Montreal in 1875
- by 1900 most countries played hockey
- Canada donated a trophy in 1893
30
governments connection to sport
- safeguarding public order
- maintaining health and fitness
- promote economic development
31
governments involvement in sport
- policies (disability, tobacco sponsorship)
- funding
- legislation
32
what is politics
the means by which power is used to influence the nature and content of governmental activities
33
what is the government
process of enacting policies and decisions on the part of officials within a political apparatus
34
what is states job
a political apparatus ruling over a given territory, whose authority is backed by the legal system and by the capacity to use force to implement its policies
35
what is public policy
policies are defined as intentions, actions, or inactions by public authorities
36
What is the Strathcona trust
- started in 1909
- goal was to establish physical education and military drill in elementary schools
-teachers get military training
- department of militia
- trained PE teachers
37
youth training act
- established 1939
- unemployed youth during economic crisis
- department of labour
38
government and second world war
- 1939-1945
- 30-40% of men who signed up were conscripted
-seen as a military health problem by politicians
39
national physical fitness act
- started in 1943
- by the department of pensions and health to promote PE and other activities
- $225,000 set aside
40
government pre 1950s/ 1960s (their job)
- federal government acted as a service organization
- cost shared with regions
- responsibility was in the hands of provinces/ municipalities
- informal mostly volunteers
41
fitness and amateur sport act
- formulated in 1961 (Bill c-131)
- formalized federal involvement in sport
42
late 1960s in Canadian sport (what started)
- start of the Canada Games 1967
- Pierre Trudeau elected as PM in 1969
- proposed sport policy for Canadians in 1970
43
early 1970s in Canadian sport
- creation of Sport Canada and Recreation Canada
- increased funding to sports in 1976
- focus on elite level sports
44
Canadian sport in the late 1980s
- 1988 Summer Olympics Ben Johnson doping scandal
45
Canadian sport in 1990s
- government aimed to cut funding
- elimination of minister of state for fitness and amateur sport
- increased controls on federal spending in 1996
46
Canadian sport in 2000s
- development of 2002 Canadian sport policy
- Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Games
47
the 2002 Canadian Sport Policy
- Pan-Canadian consultation process
- 4 pillars:
1. enhanced participation
2. enhanced excellence
3. enhanced capacity
4. enhanced interaction
48
the 2012 Canadian Sport Policy
- enhanced consultation leading to 2012 CSP
- more balance between participation/ elite sport
49
sport and politics (popular event occurred)
- 1972 summit series (8 game series between Canada and Soviet Union hockey teams)
- during the Cold War a rivalry between USA and Soviet Union (communism vs. capitalism)
50
history of the IOC
- founded in 1894 by Coubertin
- first president of the IOC was Demetrius Vikelas and he organized the 1896 Olympics by himself
- 1908 first publication of Olympic charter
- 1913 first presentation of the 5 Olympic Rings
51
IOC leadership (who, why, present)
- founded in 1921
- Coubertin was running it on his own so he got help from 5 others
- today it includes 15 people for summer and winter Olympics
52
first modern Olympics (where, when, what)
- held in Athens Greece
- April 1896 with 240-280 participants
- 43 events
53
1900 Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Paris
- 24 nations, 997 athletes
- 95 events
54
1904 Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- St. Louis Missouri
- first to award gold, silver, and bronze medals
- 12 nations, 651 athletes, 95 events
55
1908 Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in London England
- first time having a stadium built for Olympic Games
- 22 nations, 2008 athletes, 110 events
- had a marathon in which Tom Longboat DNF
56
1912 Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Stockholm Sweden
- first time they used automatic timing devices
- 28 nations, 2407 athletes, 102 events
57
1920 Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Antwerp Belgium
- Olympic flag created/ Olympic oath
- doves were released to symbolize peace from WWI
- 29 nations, 2622 athletes, 156 events
58
1924 Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Chamonix France (winter)
- 10,000 paying spectators
- 16 nations, 260 athletes, 16 events
- held in Paris France (summer)
- solidified Olympics as major global event
- 44 nations, 3088 athletes, 126 events
59
1936 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Berlin Germany
- known as Hitler's Olympics
- large propaganda, and display of Germany's military power
- boycott movements held in Canada, USA, and France
60
1969 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Mexico City
- first time hosted in Central/ South America
- sex testing/ gender verification was introduced
- 112 nations, 5516 athletes, 172 events
61
1972 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Munich Germany
- largest games yet 121 nations, 7000 athletes, 195 events
- Munich massacre occurred
62
what is the Munich Massacre
- Palestinian group snuck into the village and killed 2 and captured 9 members of Israeli team
- demanded Palestinian prisoners be released
- all hostages and 5/8 Palestinians were killed in rescue attempt
63
1984 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)
- held in Los Angeles California
- full commercialization of the Games
- sponsorship, TV revenue etc. generated $223 million
64
history of deaf sports
- existed for more than 100 years
- 1880 first deaf/ mutes cricket game
- 1888 first deaf sports club in Berlin
65
history of Deaf Olympics (where, when, who)
- 1924 International Silent Games
- 9 European countries, 418 athletes
- occurs every 2 years, alternating summer and winter
66
when did disability sport start
- July 28th 1948 was the first competition for wheelchair athletes (injured war veterans),16 athletes participated
67
history of Paralympic Games (when, where, who)
- started in 1950
- held officially in 1960 outside of Stoke Mandville
- 23 nations, 400 athletes, 8 sports
68
1964 Paralympic Games (who, when, what)
- held in Tokyo Japan
- offered sport to those who could not compete in the Stoke Mandville Games
69
what was special about the 1976 Paralympic Games
- it was the first ever winter Paralympic Games ever held
70
when was the Paralympic committee founded
- officially founded September 22nd 1989 in Dusseldorf Germany
71
Canadian Paralympic Sport (important dates)
- 1968 first Paralympics with Canadian athletes
- 1972 had 20 winning medals
- 1976 Toronto hosted the Paralympics
- 1971 CFSOD was founded
72
what was the purpose of the commonwealth games
- 1891 the suggestion of Pan Britannic games was to demonstrate dominance
- sport was used as a form of celebration
73
early Commonwealth Games
- great war ending the Games until 1928
- 1928 the Olympics were held in Amsterdam
74
Canada's history of hosting the Games
- 1930 Hamilton
- 1954 Vancouver
- 1978 Edmonton
- 1994 Victoria
75
Integrated Games (what, where, who)
- para-sport and able-bodied sport compete in the same games
- 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria
- 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester
76
Origins of the PanAm Games
- the PanAm Games were started in 1942 and held in Buenos Aires Argentina
- held every 4 years directly after the Olympics
77
PanAm sports organization
- founded in 1948
- saw PanAm games as a way to spread Olympic movement
