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History of Sport Final > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

industrial revolution (key points)

A

first revolution (1700s-1800s) to shift to steam power, and new transportation

second revolution (1860s-1950s) start of mass automation assembly and goods from other countries

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2
Q

transportation in the late 18th and early 19th

A

included walking, stagecoach, snowshoes, sleds (took 3 or 4 days from Montreal to Quebec City)

spent many days travelling for sports games

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3
Q

role of steamboats and sports

A

donated prizes and money, took spectators to sports events, special prices for sports teams to travel to events

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4
Q

role of the Canadian railway

A

supported competitive spread of sport in Canada
1867- 3200km of track connected Ontario, Quebec and Maritimes
1885- rocky mountains were connected
1900- almost 30000km of railway tracks

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5
Q

railway and sport

A
  1. reduction in travel time
  2. regularity of competitions
  3. promotion of multi-club and multi-sport events
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6
Q

communications influence on sport

A
  • changes in sport production and dispersion
  • increase in newspapers and increase in telegraph which is live results of sporting matches
  • increased attention to sports stories
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7
Q

development in equipment

A
  • more accessible and more standardized with sport specific regulations
  • making equipment affordable so all people could participate
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8
Q

urbanization in Montreal

A
  • shift from urban to rural lives
  • large impact on the organization and professionalization of sport
  • 1850s onwards, rules, standards, regulations
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9
Q

muscular Christianity

A
  • belief system in the 19th century
  • assumption that sport, manliness and building character went hand-in-hand
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10
Q

Montreal Curling Club

A

began in 1807, established rules in 1820 and was a social event

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11
Q

Montreal Snowshoe Club

A

began in 1843, 12 men organized the club with recreational and competitive snowshoeing

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12
Q

summer sports in Montreal (specific sports)

A

Cricket (1843)
Lacrosse (1856)
Biking (1878)

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13
Q

Montreal amateur athletic association (who, why what did it start)

A

run by businessmen who had professional skills to run the organization, created the pyramid structure in Canadian sport

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14
Q

what is amateurism

A

governing authorities created “amateur codes” to control who could participate based on class and race

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15
Q

origins of amateurism

A

began in the late 1870s in the USA, more focused on payment and less on class structure
it is the absence of professionalism

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16
Q

amateurism in Canada

A
  • affluent in upper class who could afford sports
  • competitive sports payed players and it became an issue
  • other rules/ regulations were created (explicitly saying black Canadians weren’t allowed to compete)
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17
Q

what happened to the AAAC

A
  • grew incredibly quickly and became highly competitive
  • control of almost all sports
  • athletes would be paid but pretend to be amateur
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18
Q

charges and rules in sport

A
  • paid refs not allowed to play
  • suspensions of amateur code was violated
  • goal was to abolish professionalism
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19
Q

the athletic war

A
  • 1907-1909
  • MAAA vs. CAAU
  • disagreement on rules about amateurs being allowed to play with or against pros
  • MAAA trying to withdraw from CAAU
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20
Q

history of pro hockey

A
  • IHL in 1904 between small towns in US and Northern Ontario
  • Stanley cup was competed for in 1905
  • NHA founded in 1909 and signed contracts by 1910
  • 1911 changes to enhance sports entertainment value and a $5000 salary limit per team
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21
Q

history of NHL

A
  • pacific coast hockey adopted Stanley cup in 1914
  • WHL joined in 1921
  • expansion into USA by NHA in 1917 and then turned into NHL
  • PCHL and WCHL were sold to the NHL in 1926
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22
Q

early Canada (what did they have in terms of culture)

A

competing ideas of notion-hood with diverse culture and diverse languages

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23
Q

British North America and 19th century Canada

A
  • embraced cultural connections to Britain
  • competing values country wide
  • confederation in 1867
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24
Q

confederations role in sport

A
  • facilitate taxes and government control
  • Canadians had little in common with each other
  • nation building
  • increase in popularity of sport
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25
Q

Canadian sport in 1871 (significant sports teams first)

A

Ontario rifle team traveled to England to compete

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26
Q

Canadian sport in 1871

A

Ontario rifle team traveled to England to compete

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27
Q

Canadian sport 1895 (what did it mean to the country)

A
  • Canadian won the queens prize
  • met with major Canadian cities upon return
  • victory was celebrated as nationalism by politicians
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28
Q

modern Olympic Games

A
  • commenced in 1896
  • structure created for competition, sport, and nation-hood
  • opportunity for countries to demonstrate superiority
  • creation of national sporting icons
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29
Q

hockey in the late 1800s to early 1900s

A
  • first formalized rule-based match recorded in Montreal in 1875
  • by 1900 most countries played hockey
  • Canada donated a trophy in 1893
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30
Q

governments connection to sport

A
  • safeguarding public order
  • maintaining health and fitness
  • promote economic development
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31
Q

governments involvement in sport

A
  • policies (disability, tobacco sponsorship)
  • funding
  • legislation
32
Q

what is politics

A

the means by which power is used to influence the nature and content of governmental activities

33
Q

what is the government

A

process of enacting policies and decisions on the part of officials within a political apparatus

34
Q

what is states job

A

a political apparatus ruling over a given territory, whose authority is backed by the legal system and by the capacity to use force to implement its policies

35
Q

what is public policy

A

policies are defined as intentions, actions, or inactions by public authorities

36
Q

What is the Strathcona trust

A
  • started in 1909
  • goal was to establish physical education and military drill in elementary schools
    -teachers get military training
  • department of militia
  • trained PE teachers
37
Q

youth training act

A
  • established 1939
  • unemployed youth during economic crisis
  • department of labour
38
Q

government and second world war

A
  • 1939-1945
  • 30-40% of men who signed up were conscripted
    -seen as a military health problem by politicians
39
Q

national physical fitness act

A
  • started in 1943
  • by the department of pensions and health to promote PE and other activities
  • $225,000 set aside
40
Q

government pre 1950s/ 1960s (their job)

A
  • federal government acted as a service organization
  • cost shared with regions
  • responsibility was in the hands of provinces/ municipalities
  • informal mostly volunteers
41
Q

fitness and amateur sport act

A
  • formulated in 1961 (Bill c-131)
  • formalized federal involvement in sport
42
Q

late 1960s in Canadian sport (what started)

A
  • start of the Canada Games 1967
  • Pierre Trudeau elected as PM in 1969
  • proposed sport policy for Canadians in 1970
43
Q

early 1970s in Canadian sport

A
  • creation of Sport Canada and Recreation Canada
  • increased funding to sports in 1976
  • focus on elite level sports
44
Q

Canadian sport in the late 1980s

A
  • 1988 Summer Olympics Ben Johnson doping scandal
45
Q

Canadian sport in 1990s

A
  • government aimed to cut funding
  • elimination of minister of state for fitness and amateur sport
  • increased controls on federal spending in 1996
46
Q

Canadian sport in 2000s

A
  • development of 2002 Canadian sport policy
  • Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Games
47
Q

the 2002 Canadian Sport Policy

A
  • Pan-Canadian consultation process
  • 4 pillars:
    1. enhanced participation
    2. enhanced excellence
    3. enhanced capacity
    4. enhanced interaction
48
Q

the 2012 Canadian Sport Policy

A
  • enhanced consultation leading to 2012 CSP
  • more balance between participation/ elite sport
49
Q

sport and politics (popular event occurred)

A
  • 1972 summit series (8 game series between Canada and Soviet Union hockey teams)
  • during the Cold War a rivalry between USA and Soviet Union (communism vs. capitalism)
50
Q

history of the IOC

A
  • founded in 1894 by Coubertin
  • first president of the IOC was Demetrius Vikelas and he organized the 1896 Olympics by himself
  • 1908 first publication of Olympic charter
  • 1913 first presentation of the 5 Olympic Rings
51
Q

IOC leadership (who, why, present)

A
  • founded in 1921
  • Coubertin was running it on his own so he got help from 5 others
  • today it includes 15 people for summer and winter Olympics
52
Q

first modern Olympics (where, when, what)

A
  • held in Athens Greece
  • April 1896 with 240-280 participants
  • 43 events
53
Q

1900 Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Paris
  • 24 nations, 997 athletes
  • 95 events
54
Q

1904 Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • St. Louis Missouri
  • first to award gold, silver, and bronze medals
  • 12 nations, 651 athletes, 95 events
55
Q

1908 Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in London England
  • first time having a stadium built for Olympic Games
  • 22 nations, 2008 athletes, 110 events
  • had a marathon in which Tom Longboat DNF
56
Q

1912 Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Stockholm Sweden
  • first time they used automatic timing devices
  • 28 nations, 2407 athletes, 102 events
57
Q

1920 Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Antwerp Belgium
  • Olympic flag created/ Olympic oath
  • doves were released to symbolize peace from WWI
  • 29 nations, 2622 athletes, 156 events
58
Q

1924 Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Chamonix France (winter)
  • 10,000 paying spectators
  • 16 nations, 260 athletes, 16 events
  • held in Paris France (summer)
  • solidified Olympics as major global event
  • 44 nations, 3088 athletes, 126 events
59
Q

1936 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Berlin Germany
  • known as Hitler’s Olympics
  • large propaganda, and display of Germany’s military power
  • boycott movements held in Canada, USA, and France
60
Q

1969 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Mexico City
  • first time hosted in Central/ South America
  • sex testing/ gender verification was introduced
  • 112 nations, 5516 athletes, 172 events
61
Q

1972 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Munich Germany
  • largest games yet 121 nations, 7000 athletes, 195 events
  • Munich massacre occurred
62
Q

what is the Munich Massacre

A
  • Palestinian group snuck into the village and killed 2 and captured 9 members of Israeli team
  • demanded Palestinian prisoners be released
  • all hostages and 5/8 Palestinians were killed in rescue attempt
63
Q

1984 Summer Olympic Games (where, who, what)

A
  • held in Los Angeles California
  • full commercialization of the Games
  • sponsorship, TV revenue etc. generated $223 million
64
Q

history of deaf sports

A
  • existed for more than 100 years
  • 1880 first deaf/ mutes cricket game
  • 1888 first deaf sports club in Berlin
65
Q

history of Deaf Olympics (where, when, who)

A
  • 1924 International Silent Games
  • 9 European countries, 418 athletes
  • occurs every 2 years, alternating summer and winter
66
Q

when did disability sport start

A
  • July 28th 1948 was the first competition for wheelchair athletes (injured war veterans),16 athletes participated
67
Q

history of Paralympic Games (when, where, who)

A
  • started in 1950
  • held officially in 1960 outside of Stoke Mandville
  • 23 nations, 400 athletes, 8 sports
68
Q

1964 Paralympic Games (who, when, what)

A
  • held in Tokyo Japan
  • offered sport to those who could not compete in the Stoke Mandville Games
69
Q

what was special about the 1976 Paralympic Games

A
  • it was the first ever winter Paralympic Games ever held
70
Q

when was the Paralympic committee founded

A
  • officially founded September 22nd 1989 in Dusseldorf Germany
71
Q

Canadian Paralympic Sport (important dates)

A
  • 1968 first Paralympics with Canadian athletes
  • 1972 had 20 winning medals
  • 1976 Toronto hosted the Paralympics
  • 1971 CFSOD was founded
72
Q

what was the purpose of the commonwealth games

A
  • 1891 the suggestion of Pan Britannic games was to demonstrate dominance
  • sport was used as a form of celebration
73
Q

early Commonwealth Games

A
  • great war ending the Games until 1928
  • 1928 the Olympics were held in Amsterdam
74
Q

Canada’s history of hosting the Games

A
  • 1930 Hamilton
  • 1954 Vancouver
  • 1978 Edmonton
  • 1994 Victoria
75
Q

Integrated Games (what, where, who)

A
  • para-sport and able-bodied sport compete in the same games
  • 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria
  • 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester
76
Q

Origins of the PanAm Games

A
  • the PanAm Games were started in 1942 and held in Buenos Aires Argentina
  • held every 4 years directly after the Olympics
77
Q

PanAm sports organization

A
  • founded in 1948
  • saw PanAm games as a way to spread Olympic movement

History of Sport Final (1 decks)

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