Final Exam Flashcards
a term used to describe the arts generally during the period 1600–1750 and signifying excess and extravagance – Memorable descriptive words include – ‘Bizarre and Grotesque’
Baroque
a one-movement composition, free in form, originally for solo keyboard/Organ but later for instrumental ensemble as well – Served as an opening for Opera at the beginning of the Baroque era
Toccata
an introductory movement, usually for orchestra, that precedes an opera, oratorio, or dance suite (Toccata once served this function)
Overture
a general term connoting solo singing accompanied by a basso continuo in the early Baroque period
Monody
the text of an opera
Liberetto
a dramatic work in which the actors sing some or all of their parts; it usually makes use of elaborate stage sets and costumes
Opera
in musical notation, a numerical shorthand that tells the player which unwritten notes to fill in above the written bass note
Figured Bass
a theme in Baroque works that returns again and again; from Italian for “return” or “refrain”
Ritornello
form in a Baroque concerto grosso in which all or part of the main theme—the ritornello (Italian for “return” or “refrain”)—returns again and again, invariably played by the tutti, or full orchestra
Ritornello Form
musically heightened speech, often used in an opera, oratorio, or cantata to report dramatic action and advance the plot.
Recitative
a motive or phrase in the bass that is repeated again and again
Bass Ostinato or Ground Bass
musical form and compositional technique, based on the principle of strict imitation, in which an initial melody is imitated at a specified time interval by one or more parts, either at the unison (i.e., the same pitch) or at some other pitch
Canon
a composition in which 3 or 4 voices sing EXACTLY THE SAME MELODY at the unison or octave with each voice starting at different times
Round
in music, a compositional procedure characterized by the systematic imitation of a principal theme (called the subject) in simultaneously sounding melodic lines (counterpoint).
Fugue
the best violinist of the Baroque era was…
Antonio Stradivari
what was introduced during the baroque era?
Chromaticism
who were the scientists of the Baroque era?
Isaac Newton
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo
who was a writer during the Baroque era?
William Shakespeare
who was an artist during the Baroque era?
Rembrandt
Italian (Famous for Igniting Opera. Known as the Father of Opera)
Claudio Monteverdi
British (Famous for Opera and other Courtly Music)
Henry Purcell
Italian (Virtuoso Violinist Famous for the Development of the Sonata Known as the Father of the Orchestra) Provided a Framework for the bass and the Melodic instruments to improvise over. All violinists can be traced back to him
Arcangelo Corelli
Italian (famous for the development of the Concerto, is known for the 4 Seasons Violin Concertos), George Friedrich Handel, J.S. Bach – also worked in Hospice and an orphanage
Antonio Vivaldi
J.S. Bach
