final exam Flashcards
subjunctive -ar conjugation tables
yo- e
tu-es
el/ella- e
nosotros- emos
ellos/udd.- en
subjunctive -er/-ir conjugation tables
yo- a
tu- as
el/ella- a
nosotros- amos
ellos/ud. - an
past preterite (-ar) conjugation tables
yo- é
tu- aste
el/ella- ó
nosotros- amos
ellos/ud. aron
past preterite (-er -ir ) conjugation tables
yo- í
tu- iste
el/ella- ió
nosotros- iste
ellos/ud.- ieron
past imperfect (-ar) conjugation tables
yo- aba
tu-abas
el/ella- aba
nosotros- abamos
ellos/ud.- aban
past imperfect (-er/-ir) conjugation tables
yo- ía
tu- ías
el/ella ía
nosotros- íamos
ellos/ud-ían
what is the difference between saber and conocer?
saber means to know information or facts
conocer means to be familiar with (either a person or place)
what is an objeto indirecto?
the object that receives the direct object
what is the difference between tener and haber
they both mean “to have”
tener is personal
haber is impersonal
tener: I /they/she has
haber there is
examples of yo irregular verbs:
tener- tengo (to have)
venir-vengo ( to come)
decir-digo (to say/tell)
estar- estoy (to be)
dar- doy (to give)
salir- salgo(to go out/leave)
what is the main difference between ser and estar
ser describes permanent things, and estar describes temporaty things
situations to use ser
-when describing character traits or personality
-when talking about an event
- when talking about someones occupation
-whne talking about something permanent
situations to use estar
-when talking about a state of being
-when discussing location of something
- when discussing time
-when discussing something temporary
how do you use ir+a+infinitivo?
conjugate ir to whatever subject you are discussing
add a
add verb as an infinitive
when do you use the preterite form?
when an action has happened in the past and it is finished with
when do you use the imperfect tense?
when an action happened habitually in the past or it is still ongoing
when there is an interrupting action, the action being interrupted is ____tense and the interrupting action is ____tense?
imperfect
preterite
example of an interrupting/ed action
cuando josefina se banaba, napoleon preparo la cena
(while josefina was washing, napoleon prepared dinner)
if you wanted to say the students have a very happy personality how you you phrase it? (ser y estar)
Los estudiantes son felices
if you waned to say the students were in a state of happpiness, how would you phrase it? (ser v. estar)
los estudianted estan felices
what are some examples of irregular verbs in the imperfect form?
ser, ir, ver
how do you conjugate ser in the imperfect?
yo- era
tu-eras
el/ella- era
nos-eramos
ellos/ud.- eran
how do you conjugate ir in the imperfect?
yo-iba
tu-ibas
-el/ella- iba
nos- ibamos
ellos/ud.- iban
how do you conjugate ver in the imperfect form?
yo- veía
tu- veías
el/ella- veía
nosotros- veíamos
ellos/ellas- veían
when to use imperfect tense?
THREADSS
time
habitual actions
repeated actions
emotions
age
descriptions
simultaneous actions
when setting the scene
what are some phrases that trigger the imperfect?
a menudo
rara vez
generalmente
algunas veces
tantas veces
cada dia
siempre
mientras
(anything with the word todos)
conjugate saber in the imperfect
yo- sabía
tu- sabías
el/ella-sabía
nos- sabíamos
ellos/ud.- sabían
conjugate saber in the preterite
yo- supe
tu-supiste
el/ella-supo
nos-supimos
ellos/ud. supieron
conjugate conocer in the imperfect
yo- conocía
tu-conocías
el/ella-conocía
nos-conocíamos
ellos/ud.- conocían
conjugate conocer in the preterite
yo conocí
tu conociste
el ella conoció
nos conocimos
ellos ud. conocieron
when you use verbs like gustar, how do you know whether to conjugate it a gusta or gustan?
you look at if the subject is sigular or the verb is infinitive (gusta) or if the subject(s) is/are plural
when do you use the subjunctive?
when you are not making an ascersion
when you are expressing doubt
when you are expressign possibility or probability
when you are ecpressing an attitude or reaction about information
when you are expressing a desire
the subjunctive is primarily found in
subordinate clauses
what are the main irregular verbs in the subjunctive?
ser, saber, haber, ir
conjugate ser in the subjuntive
yo-sea
tu-seas
el/ella- sea
nos- seamos
ellos/ud.- sean
conjugate saber in the subjunctive
yo- sepa
tu-sepas
el/ella- sepa
nos- sepamos
ellos/ellas- sepan
conjugate haber in the subjunctiive
yo-haya
tu-hayas
el/ella- haya
nos hayamos
ellos/ud.- hayan
conjugate ir in the subjunctive
yo- vaya
tu-vayas
el/ella- vaya
nos- vayamos
ellos/ellas-vayan
when can you use the subjunctive with creer and pensar?
when they are paired with a negation (ex. no pienso, no creo)
what are the different ways that we can use “se”?
- as a pronoun for an indirect object
- as a reflexive se
-as a reciprocal se - as an accidental se
- as an impersonal se
what does it mean to use se as an object for an indirect object?
when instead of writing out the entire indirect object you substitute it for “se” which gets added before the verb
ex. yo le di la receta a mi abuela
(la receta is the IO)
sentence changes to:
“Yo se la di”
when using se as an indirect object pronoun and you have ir a infinitive…
the pronouns need to go at the end of the infinitive verb :
ex.) yo le voy a dar a la receta a mi abuela sentence changes to:
“yo voy a darsela”
what does it mean to use se as a reflexive
- you use it when an action is beind done to oneself
ex.) el gato se lava
(the cat washes itself)
what does it mean to use se as a reciprocal?
when an action is reciprocal
ex.) los hermanos se quieren mucho
(the siblings love each other a lot)
what does it mean to use se accidental
you use when an accident occurs and there is no blame placed
ex.) se me rompio el plato
(the plate broke on me)
what does it mean to use impersonal se
when an action is being done but it is not specified by who,, like when we talked about the recipes
