Final Exam Flashcards
Cell walls of Fungi is made up of?
Chitin, mannans, and other polysaccharide
For rigidity and support
Chitin
Cytoplasmic membrane contains…
Ergosterols
Fungi can divide sexually, asexually or both. True or false
True
The simplest fungus
Unicellular budding yeast
Elongation of apical cell produces thread like structure called…
Hypha
Tangled mass of hyphae
Mycelium
Mycelium can be formed both on yeast and filamentous fungi. Try or false
False
Classification of Fungi (Based on cell morphology)
Yeast, Yeast like fungi, Molds/Filamentous fungi, and Dimorphic fungi
Unicellular fungi which reproduce by budding
Yeast
On culture, yeast like fungi produces smooth and creamy colonies. True or false
False
Grows partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling to a Hyphae
Yeast like Fungi
Cells resembling hyphae
Pseudohyphae
An Example of Yeast organism. Also known as capsulated yeast.
Cryptococcus neoformans
An example of Yeast like fungi
Candida albicans
Forms true mycelia and reproduce by formation of different types of spores
Molds/ Filamentous fungi
Common bread molds
Rhizopus
Common contaminants of mushrooms
Trichoderma
Occurs in two forms, molds or yeast
Dimorphic Fungi
A Dimorphic fungi is in a form of mold in what environment and at what temperature?
Soil - 25°C
A Dimorphic fungi is in a form of yeast in what environment and at what temperature?
Host tissue - 37°C
Most fungi causing systemic infections are Yeast. True or false
False - Dimorphic fungi not Yeast
Give 6 Dimorphic fungi that causes systemic infections
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatidis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Coccidioides immitis
Penicillium marneffei
Sporothrix schenkii
Systematic classification of Fungi Based on the formation of sexual spores
Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes
Fungi with unknown sexual phase or what we call Fungi imperfectii
Deuteromycetes
If the sexual phase of fungi is identified, it will be moved into different class and moved out of Deuteromycetes. True or false
True
Lower fungi, with broad and nonseptate hyphae
Zygomycetes
What is the Asexual spores of Zygomycetes? It is present within a swollen sac-like structure called?
Sporangiopores, sporangium
Resting thick walled cells in between hyphae
Zygospores
Species with zygospores
Mucor, Absidia, and Rhizopus
Have narrow and septate hyphae, it includes both yeast and filamentous fungi
Ascomycetes
What is the Asexual spores of Ascomycetes, and where it is borne on?
Conidia, conidiophore
Sexual spores of Ascomycetes, and where they are present
Ascospore, ascus
Several asci can be seen on a fruiting bodies as seen in
Aspergillus and Penicillium
Each ascus can contain what number of ascospores?
4 to 8
It has sexual spores called Basidiospores
Basidiomycetes
As a result of sexual fusion, a club shaped organ is formed that is called
Base or Basidium
Vegetative structures of Fungi
Arthrospores, and Chlamydospores
Arthrospores is formed by
Segmentation and condensation of Hyphae
Thick walled resting spores
Chlamydospores
The sexual reproduction of fungi is by formation of
Zygospores, ascospores and basidiospores
Asexual reproduction of fungi
Budding of Fission
Spores (conidia) formation on a specialized structure
Spores vary in size, shape, and color and these characteristics are not constant for a particular species. True or false
False - constant
Small, single celled
Micro-conidia
Large, single or many celled
Macro-conidia
Two types of superficial mycoses
Cutaneous and Surface
It can only affect the skin, hair and nails. It is mild but chronic
Superficial mycoses
Two types of Deep mycoses
Subcutaneous and Systemic mycoses
The infection is accidental and caused by saprophytes
Deep mycoses
Superficial/Surface mycoses live exclusively on dead surfaces of skin and its appendeges. No contact with living tissues this no inflammatory response. True or false
True
They live on skin, hair, and nails and needs keratin to grow
Detmatophytes
Three genera of Dermatophytes
Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton
Subcutaneous mycoses
Mycotic Mycetoma
Chromoblastomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Rhinosporidiosis
Subcutaneous phycomycoses
Systemic mycoses examples
Cryptococcoses
Blastomycosis
Paracoccidiomycoses
Coccidioidomycoses
Histoplasmoses
Caused by Candida sps, forms bridge between superficial and deep mycoses as it can cause cutaneous and systemic infections
Candidiasis
Candidiasis cannot cause opportunistic infections. True or false
False - it can
Patients with debilitating disease, altered physiological state
Opportunistic Infections
Common lab contaminants on culture media
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Mucor
Rhizopus
Penicillium notatum is now called?
Penicillium chrysogenum
Ergot is from? It is used to induce uterine contractions
Claviceps purpurea
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to make
Vaccines for Hepatitis B
A Fungi that can be a source of food
Mushrooms
It is used in production of alcohol and bread
Saccharomyces spps.
It is a Eukaryotic protista, differ from bacteria and other prokaryotes. It can be unicellular and multicellular
Fungi
Histoplasmosis is caused by
Histoplasma capsulatum
Examples of Superficial/ surface Mycoses
Tinea versicolor
Tinea nigra
Piedra
