Final Exam Flashcards
Piece of writing or speaking; the literal meaning
Text
Collection of words without a verb or a subject
Phrase
An -ing verb is used as a noun in a phrase
Gerund Phrase
Underlying meaning of the text
Subtext
Surrounding situation of a text
Context
Begins with a preposition and ends with the object of the preposition
Prepositional Phrase
Combines a major and minor premise to get a conclusion. Can be maldistributed by reversing the major premise.
Syllogism
art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing
“the production of spoken and written texts” - James Berlin
Rhetoric
“to walk away”
“to die later in life”
Infinitive Phrase
Types of claims
of fact (what is / is not)
of value (goodness/badness)
of policy(claim of value but with course of action (should / should not))
Noun and verb combination
Clauses
Clause that has what it needs to stand on its own but isn’t.
Can function as an adjective or an adverb
Dependent Clause
Qualities of the individual elements are qualities of the whole
Composition
Qualities of the whole are qualities of individual elements
Division
A occurs with B. Therefore, A causes B
Concurrency
“after this” B happens after A. Therefore, A causes B
Post-Hoc
A is like B in quality C. Therefore, A is like B
Faulty Analogy
“Causality cannot be inferred from correlation” has an error of form: _________
Primarily Faulty Analogy
(too small a sample!) A1, A2, A3… have quality B. Therefore, all A have B
Hasty Generalization
“does not follow” The conclusion does not follow from the premise
Non-Sequitur
Claim, Evidence, Warrent (Name for all of them together)
Toulmin Model
The parameters of rhetoric are used to find:
Meaning, Audience, and Intended Effect
Colon Uses:
independent clause: list
independent clause: quoted material
independent clause: appositive (redefines a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase)
