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PHY 211 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is a scalar quantity, and what are examples?

A

A scalar only has a magnitude, and the unit will always be positive. Examples include distance, temperature, speed, mass, time, etc.

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2
Q

What is a vector quantity, and what are examples?

A

A vector has both magnitude and direction. Examples of this include velocity, acceleration, force, displacement, etc.

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3
Q

What is displacement?

A

How far and in what direction an object is from its starting point.
Displacement= final positon - initial positon

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4
Q

Average speed formula? (scalar)

A

total distance traveled/ time elapsed (unit is m/s)

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5
Q

Average velocity formula? (vector)

A

total displacement/ total time (units is m/s)

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6
Q

Average acceleration formula?

A

Change in velocity/ time elasped (units is m/s^2)

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7
Q

What is deceleration?

A

This is when acceleration and velocity vectors are in opposite directions. This would also slowing down.

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8
Q

What does 1-D Motion kinematics always assume?

A

These equations always assume that there is constant acceleration.

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9
Q

Free fall equations still use kinematics equations with constant acceleration due to this reason?

A

In free fall, objects experience acceleration due to gravity with it 9.81 m/s^2

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10
Q

In the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same _________.

A

Acceleration

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11
Q

Sin theta=

A

opposite/hypotenuse

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12
Q

Cos theta=

A

adjacent/hypotenuse

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13
Q

tan theta=

A

sin/cos or opposite/adjacent

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14
Q

2-D motion involves breaking up the components into ____ and _____ variables.

A

x and y

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15
Q

What is projectile motion?

A

This is when an object is moving in 2 dimensions under the influence of gravity only. Its path forms a parabola.

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16
Q

What is always the y component of acceleration in 2-D motion?

A

9.81 m/s^2

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17
Q

What is always the x component of acceleration in 2-D motion?

A

0 m/s^2

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18
Q

The reason a mas-spring system exhibits simple harmonic motion is because the restoring force exerted by the spring is proportional to _________.

A

The negative of displacement

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19
Q

A second radio wave has a frequency of 50 MHz. Its ________ is the same as a 100 MHz wave.

A

Speed

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20
Q

Two identical masses hung from two identical springs. Mass one is given an initial displacement of -5cm, and mass 2 is given an initial displacement of +10cm. Which mass oscillates with the greater frequency?

A

Their frequencies are identical

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21
Q

Doubling the mass of a pendulum bob in the previous example would ________ the period of its oscillations.

A

Not change

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22
Q

In general, the longer the string of a simple pendulum, _____________.

A

the lower its frequency

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23
Q

One thing Bernoulli’s equation tells us is that faster-moving fluids tend to have ________.

A

Lower pressure

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24
Q

Blood flowing through a constricted section of an artery has a __________.

A

Greater speed

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25
Q

What is true about mass and weight?

A

Mass is a scalar and weight is a vector

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26
Q

For an ideal fluid flowing through a closed system, the _______ must be the same everywhere.

A

Volume flow rate

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27
Q

A hot tub that is 3 feet deep holds 400 gallons of water. A swimming pool has a shallow end of 3 feet that holds 25,000 gallons. At which location is the absolute pressure the greatest?

A

The pressure is the same in both places.

28
Q

Golf balls and pong balls have the same volume. If both are dropped in a tank of water, and the golf ball floats with most of its volume beneath the surface. The pong ball floats with most of its volume above the surface. Which one experiences the greater buoyant force?

A

The golf ball experiences the greater buoyant force

29
Q

Which has the greatest volume; 1 kg of gold, 1kg of liquid water, or 1kg of ice?

A

The ice has the greatest volume

30
Q

Wearing heels with pointy soles on an airplane was once prohibited. This was because the _______ the shoes exert on the flimsy flooring is too ______.

A

Pressure; large

31
Q

When a child walks away from the center of a spinning merry-go-round, which of the following quantities decreases?

A

Angular velocity

32
Q

A potter’s wheel rotates at a constant angular speed. A lump of clay near the edge of the wheel has a zero _________.

A

Angular acceleration

33
Q

A rotating object with a negative angular velocity is speeding up. Its angular acceleration is ________.

A

negative

34
Q

When calculating a torque, the lever arm points from _______ to where the force is applied.

A

the axis of rotation

35
Q

A force applied at the axis of rotation will result in zero torque (T or F).

A

True

36
Q

Linear momentum is a ________.

A

Vector quantity

37
Q

The impulse applied to an object is equal to ___________.

A

The change in its momentum

38
Q

A woman of mass 100kg and a girl of mass 50kg are wearing ice skates and facing one another at rest. When they push off one another, the girl’s ________ must be two times that of the woman.

A

Speed

39
Q

Usually, the circus performer simply steps off the tower. If instead, he jumped upward from the tower, his speed when he reached the bottom would be ________

A

Greater

40
Q

Suppose the same man can either jump upward at 2 m/s or outward at 2 m/s. His speed just before reaching the ground will be __________.

A

The same either way

41
Q

Gravity does ______ work on a falling raindrop.

A

Positive

42
Q

When you climb a flight of stairs, gravity does ______ work on you.

A

Negative

43
Q

A centripetal force, such as gravity acting on the Moon, does _______ work.

A

Zero

44
Q

What is an elastic collision?

A

A perfectly elastic collision is one in which no kinetic energy is lost in the collision. Objects collide and do NOT stick together.

45
Q

What is an inelastic collision?

A

Inelastic collisions do not conserve kinetic energy but do conserve momentum. Collision in which the objects hit and stick together.

46
Q

What is an impulse?

A

An impulse is the change of momentum.

47
Q

What is momentum?

A

Momentum is the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity.

48
Q

The Earth exerts a gravitational force on a space station that keeps it in orbit. The work done by this force is _________ because it is _______ to the space station’s velocity.

A

Zero; perpendicular

49
Q

The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the moon on the planet is ________ the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the planet on the moon.

A

The same as

50
Q

If the moon were orbiting farther from the planet, its speed would have to be _______ because the gravitational force on it and its centripetal acceleration would both be ________.

A

Less; less

51
Q

What are the conservative forces?

A

Gravitational force, elastic spring restoring force, and buoyancy force

52
Q

What are the nonconservative forces?

A

Normal force, the force of friction, and the force of tension

53
Q

Consider 3 identical balls. Ball A is hit straight up into the air with an initial speed of 40m/s. Ball B is hit with an initial velocity of 40m/s, 60 degrees above the horizontal. Ball C is hit with an initial velocity of 40 m/s, 30 degrees above the horizontal. Ignore air resistance. Which ball has the slowest speed when it has risen to a height of 10 meters?

A

Their speeds are equal

54
Q

Considering the previous question, which ball has the slowest speed at its highest point and why?

A

Ball A has the slowest speed at the highest point because when it is changed directions the speed became zero since there is no x component of speed, just the y component.

55
Q

If it helps, then the work is _________.
If it hinders, then the work is _________.
If it does neither, then the work is _________.

A

Positive; negative; zero

56
Q

For an object in a uniform circular motion, the velocity is always _________, the acceleration is always ________, and the force is always __________.

A

Tangent to the circle; towards the center; towards the center

57
Q

Which of the following examples exerts the greatest impulse on the tennis racket?

A

A 60-gram tennis ball that approaches the racket at -25 m/s is hit, and moves away at +25 m/s.

58
Q

What does Bernoulli’s Equation tell us?

A

Tells use that faster fluids have a lower pressure.

59
Q

How does the lengthening of a pendulum string change the frequency?

A

Decrease the frequency

60
Q

How does taking a pendulum to Jupiter from earth change the frequency?

A

Increases the frequency

61
Q

How does decreasing the mass of the pendulum change the frequency?

A

There will be no change to the frequency

62
Q

A bug riding on the end of a fan blade experiences a centripetal acceleration of constant (nonzero) magnitude. What must be true about the angular velocity of the fan?

A

It is constant but not zero

63
Q

A second bug is riding at the midpoint of the same fan blade. Which of the following motion quantities are the same for both bugs?

A

Angular Velocity

64
Q

A child riding by himself on a spinning merry-go-round moves away from the centre of the merry-go-round. No one is pushing, and friction is negligible. The rotational inertia of the child-merry-go round system _________.

A

Increases

65
Q

A child riding by himself on a spinning merry-go-round moves away from the centre of the merry-go-round. No one is pushing, and friction is negligible. The angular momentum of the child-merry-go-round system ____________.

A

Stays the same

66
Q

A cylindrical container is filled to the brim with an unknown liquid. The top surface of the liquid is exposed to the air. The absolute pressure at the bottom of the container does NOT depend on _____________.

A

The diameter of the container

PHY 211 (1 decks)

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