Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Logistics > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

TQM

A

Total Quality Management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Total Quality Management (TQM)

A

a philosophy focused on meeting customer expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 Manufacturing strategies

A
  • Make to Stock (MTS)
  • Assemble to Order (ATO)
  • Make to Order (MTO)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lean

A

a philosophy of manufacturing that emphasizes the minimization of the amount of all resources (including time) used in the operation of a company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Make to Stock (MTS)

A

features economies of scale, large volumes, low variety, and distribution channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Assemble to Order (ATO)

A

when base components are made and stocked to forecast, but products are not assembled until the customer order is received

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Make to Order (MTO)

A

relies on relatively small quantities, but more complexity
- Requires interaction with customer to work out design & specification
- Usually shipped direct to customer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Six Sigma

A

An approach used to identify sources of variability and then systematically reduce them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Six sigma goal

A

is to achieve a process standard deviation that is six times smaller than the outputs allowed by the product’s design specification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Six sigma quality level

A
  • Produces defect free product 99.99966 percent of the time
  • 3.4 defects per million parts produced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Management Standards have been established by what?

A

the ISO (in both Quality and Environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ISO

A

International Organization for Standards (ISO) was formed after World War II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The 8 Dimensions of Product Quality

A
  • Performance
  • Features
  • Aesthetics
  • Reliability
  • Durability
  • Serviceability
  • Perceived Quality
  • Conformance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Categories of Forecast Techniques

A
  • Qualitative
  • Time series
  • Causal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Qualitative definition

A

relies on expert opinion and special information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Qualitative qualities

A
  • Costly
  • Time-consuming
  • Ideal for situations with little historical data
  • Developed using surveys, panels, and consensus meetings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Time series

A

focuses entirely on historical patterns and pattern changes to generate forecasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Time series (example)

A
  • “The past is a good predictor of the future”
  • moving averages, exponential smoothing, extended smoothing, and adaptive smoothing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Casual

A

uses specific information to develop relationships between lead events and forecasted activity (example simple or multiple regression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Regression

A

Uses independent variables, (such as price, promotion plans, or related product volumes) to predict sales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Supply Chain Visibility

A

the ability to track transportation, inventory, and resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Simultaneous Resource Consideration

A

the ability to include
- demand
- capacity
- material requirements
- & constraints
in defining logistics alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Resource Utilization

A

a coordinated approach making functional logistics resource trade-offs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Logistics Planning

A

integrates
- overall movement demand
- vehicle availability
- & relevant movement costs
to minimize overall freight expense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sales & Operations Planning

A

an integrated combination of
- Information systems (financial, marketing and supply chain planning)
- Demand forecasting
- Inventory planning
- Organization
- Personal responsibility and accountability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Logistics Forecasts are Necessary to

A
  • Support collaborative planning
  • Drive requirements planning
  • Improve resource management through cost trade-offs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

7 R’s

A
  • Right product
  • Right quantity
  • Right quality
  • Right place
  • Right time
  • Right customer
  • Right cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Enterprise Integration is necessary for

A

effective supply chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Enterprise Integration Barriers

A
  • Organization (silo)
  • Incentives (scorecards)
  • Inventory leverage (balance of positioning, MTS vs. MTO)
  • Information available (systems to capture data)
  • Information communicated (hoarding)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

MRP

A

Material Requirements Plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

1970s

A

MRP (Material Requirements Plan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Material Requirements Plan (MRP)

A
  • MRP driven by MPS (Master Production Schedule) showing quantity and timing of end item production
  • No constraints on shop manufacturing capacity (labor and machines)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

1980s

A

MRP to MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

MRP to MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning)

A
  • Resulting infinite capacity manufacturing schedules were infeasible because MRP ignored resource capacity
  • MRPII capacity requirements plan to produce feasible schedules
  • More constraints compared to MRP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

1990s

A

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

A
  • Coordinates firm’s entire business activities from suppliers through customer invoicing
  • Centralized database (to facilitate flows across functional areas)
37
Q

ERP Advantages

A
  • Eliminate inconsistencies (standardized data)
  • Combines data in new ways to create knowledge
  • Forces use of “best practices”
  • Allows customization
38
Q

ERP Disadvantages

A
  • Implementation is expensive and lengthy
  • Maintenance is costly and time consuming
  • Longer access time for data processing
39
Q

ERP hidden costs (know 3)

A
  • Training
  • Integration and Testing
  • Customization
  • Data conversion
  • Data analysis
40
Q

How are the Seven R’s Met?

A

Integration

41
Q

Free Trade Zones (FTZ) benefits

A
  • No duty or excise tax is ever paid on foreign goods that are re-exported from the Foreign Trade Zone except NAFTA countries
  • Merchandise can be brought into an FTZ to be stored, exhibited, repackaged, assembled, or used for manufacturing free of customs and other import restrictions until the decision is made to enter the goods into the U.S. market
42
Q

Free Trade Zones (FTZ)

A

Federally sanctioned site where foreign and domestic goods are considered to be outside of the U.S. Customs territory

43
Q

Incoterms

A

INternational COmmercial TERMS

44
Q

Summary of INCO Terms

A
  • Must go hand in hand with the contract and be part of the negotiation process
  • Can mean the difference between a profit and a loss internationally
  • Determines who pays for the freight, who takes the risk, who is responsible for the customs process
45
Q

How Duty Drawback Works (example)

A

1) U.S. car manufacturer issues purchase orders to German parts manufacturers.
2) German manufacturer receives purchase order; manufactures parts.
3) Germanparts shipped via ocean enter the U.S.port.
4) U.S. manufacturer produces cars using U.S.-made and German parts.
5) U.S. manufacturer ships cars to port of export.
6) Export cars containing U.S.-made and German parts to Australia.

46
Q

Direct Global Costs

A
  • Inventory carrying costs
  • Transportation
  • Quality
  • Customs duty
  • Insurance premiums
47
Q

Indirect Global Costs

A
  • Communication costs
  • Supply reliability
  • Social/cultural misunderstandings
  • Legal recourse
  • Political risk
48
Q

Five major differences between domestic and international operations

A
  • Performance cycle structure
  • Transportation
  • Operations
  • Information systems integration
  • Alliances
49
Q

CUSTOMS BROKER (CHB)

A

A person licensed by the U.S. Treasury Department acting on behalf of exporters and importers in clearing shipments for international moves.

50
Q

FREIGHT BROKER

A

A licensed independent middleman between buyers and sellers of transportation services.

51
Q

CONSOLIDATOR

A

A company that combines shipments to realize cost savings and service improvements

(for what would normally be less-than-truckload or containerload moves)

52
Q

FREIGHT FORWARDER

A

A common carrier that consolidates freight, performs breakbulk and distribution services and assumes responsibility for freight from origin to destination

53
Q

INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT FORWARDER (IFF)

A

Specialized channel participant that arranges international freight movement.

  • (e.g) Prepares necessary documentation, arranges transportation, interface with government officials.
54
Q

NVOCC (w definition)

A

Non-vessel-operating common carrier acts as a middleman between shippers (with small loads and carriers that prefer to receive cargo in full containers)

55
Q

Weber’s Classification of Industries

A
  • weight losing (raw materials <– markets)
  • weight gaining (raw materials –> markets)
  • weight sustaining (raw materials <–> markets)
56
Q

Hoover’s Tapered Rates moral

A

Total transportation cost will be minimized at either the raw-material source or the consumer.

57
Q

Factors to consider when locating a facility

A

Dynamic Facility Location and Variations on Facility Location

58
Q

Dijkstra’s algorithm Purpose

A

to find the shortest distance between two vertices on a graph

59
Q

Dijkstra’s algorithm Pros

A

it guarantees the shortest path

60
Q

Dijkstra’s algorithm Cons

A

it does a blind search there by consuming a lot of time waste of necessary resources

61
Q

Dijkstra’s algorithm real world examples

A

google maps

62
Q

Postman Problem Purpose

A

Finding the tour of least cost that will traverse every edge of the graph at least once

63
Q

Euler Tour Purpose

A

a circuit which traverses every edge of a graph exactly once, beginning and ending at the same point

64
Q

Spanning Tree Purpose

A

A sub-graph such that all nodes are connected and there are no cycles

65
Q

Center of Gravity Method

A

seeking to minimize the sum, over all demand and supply points, of the volume at that point multiplied by the transportation rate multiplied by the distance from this point to the facility

66
Q

Postman Problem Pros

A
  • Easy to create, share, test, and document APIs.
  • Store data for use in other tests.
67
Q

Postman Problem Cons

A

incapable of handling Global variables

68
Q

Postman Problem real world

A

Street cleaning or snow plowing

69
Q

odd degree node

A

a node with an odd number of edges emanating from it

70
Q

Euler Tour Pros

A

efficient, parallel computation of solutions

71
Q

Euler Tour real world

A

coding

72
Q

Two Important Results

A
  • A graph possesses an Euler tour if and only if the graph contains no nodes of odd degree.
  • If a graph contains an Euler tour, then this tour is the solution to the postman problem.
73
Q

A spanning tree will always contain exactly what?

A

exactly n-1 edges

74
Q

Minimum spanning tree

A

finding the spanning tree with minimum total length

75
Q

Variations on Facility Location

A
  • k-Median
  • k-Center
  • Set Covering
  • Maximal Covering
76
Q

Dynamic Facility Location

A
  • Find a solution for this year, find a solution for a future year and average them.
  • Find a solution for this year and then calculate a new solution every year
  • Build a multi-period integer program that uses forecasted demand and/or costs
77
Q

2 Heuristics

A

Sweep Method & Savings Approach

78
Q

Sweep Method (Pros & Cons)

A

Pros: Easy to learn, a computer program would run quickly.

Cons: Timing issues such as time windows are not handled well.

79
Q

Sweep Method (Phases)

A

Stops are assigned to vehicles & Stop sequences are determined.

80
Q

The role of Outsourcing as a Risk Management technique

A
  • Use of third-party logistics (3PL) firms or logistics integrators to provide services on a contractual basis
  • Shift risk of a supply chain activity to an outsourcing partner with expertise
  • Integrated service providers
81
Q

The impact of Product Complexity on Supply Chain Risk

A

higher supply chain costs, meaning more inventory and fewer economies of scale, and more management attention

82
Q

What is the triple bottom line?

A

a sustainability framework that measures a business’s success in three key areas that overlap:
- economic growth
- social progress
- environmental stewardship

83
Q

How sustainability can be implemented in the components of logistics

A
  • Green Purchasing
  • Green Warehousing
  • Green Transportation
  • Green Packaging
84
Q

How does more or less product complexity affect sales?

A

Increase complexity often results in increased revenue
which may improve profitability and asset utilization

85
Q

Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

86
Q

Where does the sustainability definition come from

A

“Brundtland definition” of the 1987 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development

87
Q

What is a “Green Supply Chain”?

A

Integrating environmental thinking into supply chain management

(including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product to the consumers, and end-of-life management of the product after its useful life)

88
Q

Why Go Green?

A
  • Social Factors (People)
  • Environmental Factors (Planet)
  • Economic Factors (Profit)
  • The Triple Bottom Line
89
Q

LEED Certification

A

To ensure that your building was designed and built with environmental stewardship in mind

Logistics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions