Final Exam 12/12/12 Flashcards
Amorphous silicon indirect capture and amorphous selenium direct capture
What are flat-panel detectors for fluoroscopy imaging?
This recording system uses 70 mm or 105 mm film
What are film cameras for spot filming?
Resolution of a typical high resolution monitor
What is 1024 lines?
Range of spatial resolution capabilities of typical fluoroscopic systems
What is 4-6 Lp/mm?
Pattern when the electron beam in the camera scans the target from left to right and from top to bottom
What is raster pattern?
Absorbs x-rays and emits light in fluoroscopy systems
What is the input phosphor?
Each capacitor in a CCD represents this
What is a pixel?
The radiographer may be responsible for this type of inspection of fluoroscopic equipment for QC purposes
What is operational?
This type of imaging is accomplished with fluoroscopy as opposed to radiography
What is dynamic?
In terms of resolution, the weakest part of the fluoroscopic system
What is the television monitor?
In fluoroscopy, this absorbs electrons and emits light
What is output phosphor?
This is measured in cd/m2/mR/s
What is the conversion factor?
Fluoroscopic equipment should be inspected this often
What is twice a year, every 6 months or bi-annually?
This has replaced the use of image intensifiers in the newest fluoroscopy systems
What are flat panel detectors?
This organization maintains the Standards for Ethics for radiologic technologists
What is ARRT or American Registry of Radiologic Technologists?
Informed consent is a patient’s right under the principle of __________.
Autonomy?
The Code of Ethics states radiographers must deliver patient care and service without discrimination on the basis of sex, creed and this
What is religion?
Stating an exam question to your instructor can be an attempt to ________ the ARRT’s examination process.
What is subvert?
The purpose of health care ethics is to protect the patient from _________
What is harm?
The study of duty or obligation
What is deontology?
Providing services with full respect for the dignity of mankind is a rule of the ____________.
What is the ARRT Code of Ethics?
The three standard radiation safety practices to be used during fluoroscopy
What are time, distance and shielding?
The amount of detail present on a digital image
What is spatial resolution?
Misrepresentation of either the size of shape of the anatomic part
What is distortion?
Any unwanted image or object on a radiographic image
What is an artifact?
Reduces patient exposure by limiting the exposure filed to the same size as the image receptor used
What is positive beam limitation?
The ability of a grid to remove scatter increases as ________ increases
What is grid ratio?
This results when imaging a thicker part of patient
What is an increase in scatter production ?
The number of lead strips per inch
What is grid frequency?
This beam restricting device has 2-3 sets of lead shutters
What is a collimator?
When the part thickness exceeds 10 cm or over 60 kVp is being used
When should a grid be used?
A smaller volume of tissue irradiated results in the decreased production of this
What is scatter?
The height of the lead strips relative to the distance between the lead strips?
What is grid ratio?
Decreasing collimation results in a ________ field size.
What is larger?
The emission of light during x-ray stimulation only
What is fluorescence?
The radiation and light sensitive layer of radiographic film
What is the emulsion layer?
Barium fluorohalide with europium
What is the computed radiography phosphor layer?
How often the analog signal is digitized
What is sampling frequency?
Term used to describe the color of light to which a radiographic film is sensitive
What is spectral sensitivity?
The physical imperfections in the emulsion layer of radiographic film
What are the sensitivity specks (gold-silver sulfide)?
The time it takes for film to move through most automatic processors
What is 90 seconds?
This image consists of electrons trapped in the phosphor layer
What is the CR latent image?
The ability of the detector to accurately capture the variety of photon intensities in the remnant radiation
What is dynamic range?
Collects, amplifies and converts visible light to an electrical signal
What is the photomultiplier tube?
The CR System’s ability to display a range of shades of gray is determined by its:
What is pixel depth?
The theory used to explain latent image production with film/screen radiography
What is the Gurney-Mott theory?
Overexposing a digital image receptor may result in a quality image but this principle has not been followed
What is ALARA?
The acronym for anatomically programmed radiography
What is APR?
This should be established for each radiographic tube in the radiology department
What is a technique chart?
The use of AEC eliminates the need for the radiographer to select this exposure factor
What is exposure time?
This automatic exposure device works by using a gas-filled chamber
What is an ionization chamber?
The automatic exposure device that works by converting x-ray photons first into light then into an electronic signal
What is a phototimer?
This exposure factor will decrease when using AEC and patient thickness decreases.
What is exposure time?
When using film/screen the area of interest will appear ______ if the detector is directly exposed to the primary beam
What is underexposed?
Radiographers should pay attention to this when using AEC to help them set manual techniques when not using AEC
What is mAs readout?
Occurs when doing an AP thoracic spine and the outside detectors are selected when using film/screen
What is insufficient density in the spine region?
Accurate patient measurement is most critical when using this type of technique chart
What is the variable kVp, fixed mAs technique chart?
The appropriate change in kVp when using a variable kVp-fixed mAs technique chart
What is 2 kVp for every 1cm change in tissue thickness?
The most common cause for repeating images done with film-screen when using AEC
What is inaccurate positioning?
Reducing repeat imaging due to technique error and in turn reduction of patient exposure
What is the purpose of a technique chart?
Used to measure part thickness
What are calipers?
An increase in window width will result in an image with ____________.
What is lower contrast?
The two reducing agents found in developer solution
What are phenidone and hydroquinone?
Based on the histogram analysis, consistent image brightness is accomplished through this
What is automatic rescaling?
The Fuji exposure indicator (S number) has this type of relationship with exposure to the image receptor
What is inverse?
The stage of film processing that converts the latent image to a manifest image
What is developing?
The computer system designed to distribute, store and display digital images
What is PACS?
Stage of processing where unexposed and undeveloped silver halides are removed from the film emulsion
What is fixing?
Computer manipulations applies to digital images
What is digital image processing?
This determines which values from the histogram analysis will be used in a digital image
What are the values of interest or VOI?
The numerical value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital IR
What is the exposure indicator?
The process of replacing chemicals with fresh chemicals in the automatic processor
What is replenishment?
When an image is being viewed at a computer it is termed ____________
What is soft copy viewing?
How noise is corrected on a fluoroscopic image
What is increasing the mA?
This is used to link the output phosphor and camera or CCD
What is the fiberoptic bundle or optical lens system?
