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Plant Physiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

To initate cell expansion, P must be greater than ______ based on the Lockhart model

A

Y

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2
Q

The relative rate of cell expansion of an expanding cell mostly depends on ____ based on the Lockhart model

A

P and M

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3
Q

The relative rate of cell expansion of an expanding cell mostly depends on ____ at a given turgor pressure based on the the Lockhart Model

A

m

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4
Q

Cells elongate faster at more acidic conditions is possible due to _____

A

Greateer activity of expansion

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5
Q

IAA treatment causes a ____

A

A decrease in pH

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6
Q

IAA treatment causes ______

A

An increase in coleoptile cell elongation

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7
Q

Stimulated cell elongation by IAA is associated with a decrease in pH

A

True

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8
Q

In phototropism, auxin promotes ____

A

Cell elongation in the shaded side

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9
Q

Polar transport of auxin in stem include the following

A

Directional Movement

Movement from apical to basal

Requirement of Transporters

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10
Q

The organ that is the most sensitive to auxin is _____

A

Roots

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11
Q

The organ that shows the greatest growth promotion to auxin is _____

A

Buds

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12
Q

The number in the figure indicates the concentration of IAA. Predicate which treatment will result in bending?

A

B and C

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13
Q

The most effective light inducing phototropism is ______ light

A

Blue

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14
Q

GAs play roles in

A

Seed Germination

Stem Elongation

Increasing Fruit

Forming Seedless Grapes

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15
Q

In a generalized signaling pathway, GA can be considered as a ligand. It needs to bind to the ____ first to trigger the signaling cascade

A

Receptor

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16
Q

Both GA and IAA stimulate

A

Stem Elongation

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17
Q

Function of Cytokinin

A

Cell Elongation

Senescence

Cell Divison

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18
Q

In tissue culture, a high ratio of Cytokinin and IAA enhcances

A

Shoot formation

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19
Q

Function of Cytokinin

A

Enhance cell division

Promote shoot formation in tissue culture

Delay leaf yellowing

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20
Q

For auxin and cytokinin long distance transport through the plant,

A

Cytokinin through xylem and auxin through cells

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21
Q

In order to induce the root formation in tissue culture, one usually uses

A

A high ratio of IAA to cytokinin

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22
Q

Among the phytohormones studied, what hormone is also importnat for seed germination, besides ABA

A

GA

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23
Q

Considering their function in seed germination, GA and ABA act

A

Antagonistically

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24
Q

Functions of ABA

A

Inhibition of Seed Germination

Abscission of Leaves

Maintaining Winter Bud Dormancy

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25
Q

What is the triple response of an Arabidopsis Seedling to ethylene?

A

Inhibits stem cell elongation

Enhances radial cell expansion

Delaying hook openings

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26
Q

Based on the ethylene response signlaing pathway, a null mutation of CTR will result in _____ in Arabidopsis seedlings

A

A triple response

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27
Q

Many unique features of water is due to

A

Hydrogen bonding amond water molecules

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28
Q

Predict the water movement

A

Water moves into the cell

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29
Q

Predic the water movement

A

Water moves out of the cell

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30
Q

Predict the water movement

A

Water moves in and out the cell in equilibrium

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31
Q

Predict the water movement

A

Can’t be determined

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32
Q

Micronutrients are the minerals that plant only need a small amount and are not essential to plants

A

False

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33
Q

The nutrient is a component of amino acids, nucleic acids, chlorophyll and hormones. The deficiency of the nutrient usually results in chlorosis to light brown in leaves. Under extreme deficiency, older leaves my drop

A

Nitrogen

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34
Q

The nutrient is required for pectate or pectin formation in cell walls, stabilizing cell membrane. The deficiency of the nutrient results in meristems and young leaves necrotic. Roots becomes ‘slippery’

A

Calcium

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35
Q

Main products of PSII reaction

A

O2 and H+

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36
Q

Main substrate of PSII reaction

A

H2O

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37
Q

PSII is called because its contains two chlorophyll molecules

A

False

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38
Q

Main products of PSI reaction

A

NADPH

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39
Q

Chlorophyll in the center of PSI has the maximum absorbance at ____

A

700 nm

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40
Q

Compared to a chloroplast in the dark, pH in the thylakoid lumen of an actively photosynthetic chloroplast is

A

More acidic

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41
Q

ATP is synthesized during light reaction using

A

H+ Gradient

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42
Q

Main product of cyclic phosphorylation

A

ATP

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43
Q

Main products of light reaction

A

NADPH

O2

ATP

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44
Q

Main product of Calvin Cycle

A

Glucose

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45
Q

Calvin Cycle occurs

A

In stroma

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46
Q

In actively photosythetic chloroplasts, the glucose synthesized during Calvin Cycle is temporarily stored as starch. Where do you find those starch particles

A

In stroma

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47
Q

Major photosynthates in transported in phloem

A

Sucrose

48
Q

Sap movement in phloem

A

Bulk flow due to a pressure gradient

49
Q

Phloem loading uses the symplastic pathway what means _____

A

Sugars move from cells to phloem through the plasmodesmada

50
Q

Phloem loading also uses the apoplastic pathway what means

A

Sugars move from cells to phloem through cell walls

Sugars move from cells to phloem through the intercellular space

51
Q

Photosynthetic leaves can be a source or a sink

A

True

52
Q

Nodulations starts with

A

Signal recognition and communication

53
Q

Flavonoids are the signaling molecules released by ____

A

Roots

54
Q

Leghemoglobins are synthesized by

A

Plant Cells

55
Q

Side product of nitrogenase activies produces

A

H2

56
Q

In symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plants provides bacteria with

A

Carbohydrate

57
Q

There is almost no need to supply nitrogen fertilizer to corn grown in the field that had soybean in the previous season. This is because of _____

A

Nodules left behind from soybeans plants contains lots of nitrogen

58
Q

Whats the major form of nitrogen that plant roots take up from the soil

A

NO3-

59
Q

Nitrite reduction occurs in

A

Chloroplasts in leaf cells

60
Q

What is the first step to trigger a communication between a non-host plant with a rhizobium

A

Engineer plants to secrete a specific flavonoid

61
Q

3 phases in TCA cycle

A

Condensation

Oxidation

Regeneration

62
Q

3 phases in Calvin Cycle

A

Fixation

Reduction

Regeneration

63
Q

Products of the TCA Cycle

A

FADH

NADH

ATP

CO2

64
Q

Both photosynthesis (light reaction) and respiration produce ATP

A

True

65
Q

ATP synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondra depends on the proton accumulation in the space between inner and outer membrane of the double membrane structure

A

False

66
Q

Both photosynthesis (light reaction) and respiration produce NADPH

A

False

67
Q

ATP production in mitochondria is called

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

68
Q

ATP production in chloroplasts includes

A

Photophosphorylation

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

69
Q

Flower primordia are derived from

A

SAM

70
Q

In a pollen tube,

A

There are one tube nucleus and two sperm nuclei

71
Q

Double Fertilization means

A

The egg cell is fertilizer by one sperm nucleus and two polar nuceli are fertilized by the other sperm nucleus

72
Q

You identified a mutatn that grows bigger than wild type plants. What process can be affected by the mutation?

A

Cell Division Only

Cell Expansion Only

Both Cell Division and Expansion

73
Q

Drought stress stuns plant growth. What process can be affected by drought?

A

Cell Division

Cell Expansion

74
Q

Cell shape or direction of a cell expansion mainly depends on ____

A

Orientation of cellulosic fibril

75
Q

C4 plants show higher water use efficiency and are more drough tolerant due to its C4 pathway and Kranz anatomy compared to C3 plants. This is an example of ____

A

Adaptation

76
Q

Many desert plants close stomates during the day and open stomates in the evening. This is an example of _____

A

Adaptation

77
Q

When corn plants are experiencing low temperatures, they accumulate more unsaturated fatty acid in the membrane. This is an example of _____

A

Acclimation

78
Q

Under drought stress conditions, the root/shoot ratio is greatly increased. This is an example of ____

A

Acclimation

79
Q

Some marsh plants are salt tolerant and have glands on leaf surface to excrete salt. This is an example of ____

A

Adaptation

80
Q

Acclimation

A

Reflects the ability of plants adjust to the stress in timely fashion, resulting in stress resistance or stress tolerance

81
Q

Nonheritable

A

Capacity of a plant to acclimate is, of course a genetic trait. However the specific changes brought about in resposne to stress are not themselves passed on to the next generation

82
Q

Adaptation

A

heritable modifications in structure or function that increase the fitness of the organism in a stressful environment

83
Q

Natural Selection

A

The plant adaptation to the enviornemnt takes place over a much longer time scale than acclimation

Since adoption is a consequence

84
Q

In phototropism, auxin promotes _____

A

Cell Elongation in the Shaded side

85
Q

Osmotic Adjustment

A

Maintenance of water on cells

86
Q

Osmotic Ajustment

Major Osmotica

A

Accumulation of osmotica in vacuoles

  • Inorganic Salts
  • Organic Salts
87
Q

Second Messenger

A

A mobile signaling molecule that is formed or released inside the cell in response to the binding of a first messenger - e.g. a hormone or othe ligand - to a receptor or the activation of a receptor by an enviornmental signal

Function → relay information from the primary receptor to the biochemical machinary inside the cell

88
Q

Cytokinins

A

A plant hormone primarily respnsible for regulating cell division and delayed senscenece, amond other effects

89
Q

Major Function of Cytokinins

A

Promote the synthesis or activation of cytokinesis proteins

90
Q

Abscisic acid (ABA)

A

A plant hormone primarily involved in regulating seed development and stomatal closure at times of water stress

91
Q

Tropism

A

A differential growth response that is related to the direction of the stimulus

92
Q

Nastic Movement

A

A plant movement that is not obviously related to any vector in the stimulus

93
Q

Florigen

A

A hypothetical flower-promoting hormone

94
Q

Short Day

A

Long Night > 8hrs

95
Q

Long Day

A

Short Night < 8 hrs

96
Q

Phototropism

A

Differential growth of a plant within a light gradient

(Towards or away from a light source)

97
Q

Gravitropism

A

A differential growth response to gravity

98
Q

The integrators of flowering pathways are ____

A

SOC1, FT

99
Q

What is the consequence of FLC activation or having more FLC protein

A

Delay flowering

100
Q

After vernalization, the expression level of FLC will

A

Decrease

101
Q

After spraying plants with GA, the expression level of FLC will ____

A

Remain the same

102
Q

After vernalization, the expression level of SOC1 will ____

A

Increase

103
Q

After vernalization, the expresion level of FT will

A

Increase

104
Q

This is a ____ flowering plant

A

Short Day

105
Q

Which organ is sensing the day lenth for flowering?

A

Leaf

106
Q

Short day (SD) plants will flower when the day length is shorter than 12 hours

A

False

107
Q

Long day (LD) plants will flower when the day length is longer than 12 hours

A

False

108
Q

Florigen is a ____

A

Protein

109
Q

If a long day plant is moved to the short-day conditions, you will expect the level of CO ____

A

Decrease

110
Q

If a short day plant is moved to the long day conditions, you will expect the level of CO ____

A

Decrease

111
Q

FT is a ______

A

Protein and Florigen

112
Q

FT is transported through ______

A

Phloem

113
Q

In ABC model, a mutation in _____ gene leads to this phenotype showing below

A

Petaloid Stamens

114
Q

In ABC model, a mutation in ____ gene leads to this phenotype

A

Carpeloid Sepals

115
Q

In ABC model, a mutation in ____ gene leads to this phenotype

A

Sepaloid petals

116
Q

ABA - Induced Stomatal Closure

A

Plant Physiology (1 decks)

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