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Sociology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_______ make the familiar strange.

A

Sociologists

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2
Q

__________ is the study of human society

A

Sociology

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3
Q

Family, military, and banks are examples of _______

A

social institutions

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4
Q

The way individuals define themselves in relationship to groups they are a part of is called ________

A

social identity

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5
Q

______ looks at how individuals interact with one another as well as at how groups, small and large, interact with one another

A

Sociology

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6
Q

We should use our ________ to question our habits or customs that seem “natural” to us

A

sociological imagination

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7
Q

______ theory is the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general

A

Conflict

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8
Q

Conducting a survey about how often people attend church is an example of a ______ research method

A

quantitative

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9
Q

_______ research describes people’s behavior in rich detail and focuses on the meanings people give to their actions

A

Qualitative

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10
Q

Elizabeth would conduct a ________ research study if she wanted to determine how women define spousal abuse and the meanings they attach to their abuse

A

qualitative

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11
Q

If Kate begins her research with a theory, then forms hypotheses and makes some observations, she is using the ______ method of research

A

deductive

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12
Q

If Kate begins her research with a _____, then forms ______ and makes some _______, she is using the deductive method of research

A

theory, hypotheses, observations

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13
Q

When one factor is said to influence another factor, we refer to this as _____

A

causality

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14
Q

_______ is needed to establish causality

A

Time order

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15
Q

The process by which people internalize the values, beliefs, and norms required to become functioning members of a given society is known as ______

A

socialization

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16
Q

Sociologists view ______ as a lifelong process that begins when a child is born.

A

socialization

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17
Q

Theories of ______ focus, in part, on how the self develops. According to your textbook, the ____ is the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person

A

socialization, self

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18
Q

Cooley’s theory of socialization states that the self develops from our interactions with others and their reactions to us. This theory is known as the _______, theory

A

Looking glass self

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19
Q

People and groups who influence our orientation to life and our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are agents of ______

A

socialization

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20
Q

Although there are many agents of socialization, four of the primary ones, according to the textbook, are _____, _____, _____, and _____

A

family, schools, peers, and media

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21
Q

Expected conformity, especially among teenage friends, is known as _______

A

peer pressure

22
Q

A student decides to go out for drinks after her friends make her feel guilty for studying too much is a form of ______

A

peer pressure

23
Q

A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as ______

A

resocialization

24
Q

Military boot camps and prisons are places that control all of the basics of people’s day-to-day lives and are known as ______

A

total institutions

25
Q

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies, such as student or professor, is known as a _____

A

status

26
Q

Janet has a paper due in her English class, a test in her psychology class, and field notes due in her anthropology class this week. On top of it all, she needs to meet with her advisor to plan out classes for next semester. Janet is experiencing _______.

A

role strain

27
Q

All of the statuses that an individual occupies at any given time constitute his or her ______

A

status set

28
Q

Most people occupy many statuses at a particular point in time (e.g., student, son or daughter, employee, citizen). This list of statuses is known as the ______

A

status set

29
Q

The expectations that Barbie dolls are for girls and G.I. Joe dolls are for boys are examples of ____

A

gender roles

30
Q

Symbolic interactionism argues that people’s feelings and choices about how to act are based on shared ______, ______, and ______

A

meanings, orientations, and assumptions

31
Q

An ______ status is one into which a person has little or no control over

A

ascribed

32
Q

______, ______, ______, ______, and ______ are key sociological variables that are said to resist fixed effects because they are relatively stable characteristics of an individual

A

Race, birth order, generational cohort, sex, parental wealth

33
Q

While the notion of sex refers to biological characteristics, the concept of gender refers to ______ characteristics

A

social

34
Q

The study of gender is basically the study of how two ______. They are ______ and ______.

A

spheres shape each other

nature and nurture

35
Q

Surgeons today recommend prompt surgery to make ______ children conform to an ideal of normal genitalia. About 90 percent of these surgeries reassign an ambiguous _____ anatomy into a _____ one

A

intersex

male, female

36
Q

______ and ______ is why parents and surgeons push to assign a sex to a genitally ambiguous child

A

Social discomfort and fear of difference

37
Q

Many people believe sex to be an either-or situation (either male or female), but _____ believe natural sex is more of an _____ than an absolute

A

sociologists

ideal

38
Q

Although a _____ sex system imposes order in the world and helps us make sense of a complicated mass of populations, it also limits our ability to accept difference

A

binary

39
Q

Gender structures social relationships between people unequally. This is a statement that would be supported by _____

A

feminists

40
Q

_____ studies show us that men and women have different _____ structures, the innate by-product of existing social structural relations is NOT a reason why sociologists view gender as a social construction rather than a biological given

A

Contemporary

personality

41
Q

In our society, we take for granted that sex has only two categories and tend to ignore facts that suggest sex itself is _____ constructed. All of the following are outcomes of this sexual dichotomization EXCEPT viewing sexual _____ as a part of our diversity as a species

A

socially

variation

42
Q

All of the following examples call into question the two firm categories of sex and gender that dominate our thinking EXCEPT the existence of male/female teams in _____

A

sports

43
Q

If we apply our _____ to sex, gender, and sexuality, we might argue that although biological differences exist between men and women, what we make of those differences is socially constructed and has changed through time and place

A

sociological imaginations

44
Q

The decision to raise a male infant born with a small penis (e.g., a phallus measuring less than 2 centimeters in length) as a female is an example of how the ______ of gender influence the biology of sex

A

social categories

45
Q

The idea that there is only one sex and that the female body is an inversion of the male body was promoted by the _____

A

Greek

46
Q

In the _____ model, it was believed that both a man’s and a woman’s orgasm were required for conception. When the two-sex model gained momentum, women and men were viewed as radically different creatures, and the _____ orgasm became viewed as unnecessary

A

one-sex

female

47
Q

What you do in the social world should be a direct result of who you are in the natural world. This statement refers to _____ determination

A

biological

48
Q

Bob and Sue paint their baby’s room pink as soon as they find out they are having a girl. They are beginning to provide the baby with her _____

A

gendered identity

49
Q

By looking at _______ findings in tribal societies, sociologists can see fluidity in gender, which helps us see that the boundaries within our own system of _____ may not be stable

A

anthropological

gender

50
Q

______ sensitivity would not be considered a positive trait or characteristic for a man within today’s _____ masculinity

A

Emotional

hegemonic

51
Q

Similar to hegemonic masculinity, _____ problems that exist within a _____ in a society tend to be invisible because they are regarded as the _____.

A

social

dominant group

norm

Sociology (4 decks)

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