Final exam Flashcards
The three principals of air managment
- Always know how much air you have left
- Know your point of no return
- Inform IC if you must exit the structure
Atmospheric hazards generally fall into one of these 3 catergories
Oxygen enriched or deficiency
Flammability
Toxicity
Normal air contains:
20.9% oxygen, 78.1% nitrogen, and 1% other gases
At what percentage is the atmosphere considered oxygen-deficient?
Below 19.5% oxygen
At what percentage is the atmosphere considered oxygen-enriched?
above 23.5% oxygen
What does LEL stand for?
lower explosive limit
At what percentage of it LEL does an atmosphere containing a flammable gas, vapor or mist is considered hazardous?
excess of 10%
Combustible gas indicators measure the amount of flammable vapors and gases in an atmosphere in one of 3 ways
% of lower explosive limit (LEL)
parts per million
% of gas per volume of air
What are some chemicals chemical monitors are designed to detect?
carbon monoxide ammonia hydrazine hydrogen cyanide hydrogen sulfide chlorine Ethylene oxide phosgene
Typical 4 gas monitor will detect
LEL, oxygen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide
IDLH
Immediately dangerous to life and health
Main purposes for Thermal imagers (TIs)
detect sources of heat, victims and hidden fires
What does VEIS stand for?
Venter, enter, isolate and search
Temps at or above ___ degrees F are unlikely to be survivable for unprotected victims
162
How many firefighters are needed for rescue?
at least 4
Name the types of carries and drags?
incline drag extremities lift/carry webbing drag cradle in arms lift/carry seat lift/carry litter carry
LUNARS
Location, Unit, Name, Assignment, Resources, Situation
LIPS
Location, Identification, problem, survival
What must occur after MAYDAY transmission is made?
All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to MAYDAY is allowed
What does RIC stand for?
Rapid intervention crew
What does PAR stand for?
Personal Accountability Report
What side it the female coupling on? What side it the male coupling on?
The female is on the nozzle side, the male is on the waterside
Does the male or female coupling have lugs?
the male
AWARE
Air, Water, A radio, and Extricatioom
What equipment is mandatory for the RIC team to have?
Spare SCBA
Hoseline
A radio
Forcible entry tools
What are some immediate actions that improve survivability?
staying low to the floor, using your hose stream for protection, closing doors, using tools to shore up building material, filtering toxic air
What are the 3 incident priorities
- life safety
- incident stabilization
- property conservation
tactical ventilation
the planned, systematic and coordinated removal of heated air, smoke, gases or othr airborn contaminants from a structure
What does ventilation without coordination lead to?
Flashover
Difference between natural, mechanical, and hydraulic ventilation?
Natural horizontal ventilation involves opening doors and windows to allow air currents and pressure differences to remove smoke and heat from the building. Mechanical ventilation involves the use of fans and ejectors to create pressure differences. Hydraulic ventilation uses water streams to ventilate compartments and create pressure differences.
creating negative pressure
means artificially lowering the pressure inside the structure so that fresh air from outside moves in more quickly
creating positive pressure
means artificially raising the pressure inside the structure so that smoke and fuel gases move toward lower pressure openings more quickly
Supply hose
transports water from fire hydrant or other water supply source to an apparatus equipped with a pump
Attack hose
transports water or other agents, at increased pressure, from the following sources
- from the pump equipped apparatus to a nozzle
- from the pump equipped apparatus to a fire department connection mounted on a structure
- from a building standpipe to the point the water is applied to the fire
NFPA 1961
standard on fire hose
NFPA
the standard for automotive fire apparatus
What are hard suction hoses designed for?
drafting water from static water supplies or connecting to fire hydrant
How long are hard suction hose sections?
10 feet
NFPA 1963
standard for dire hose connections
swivel
free-turning ring on female coupling
shank
portion of coupling that serves at point of attachment to the hose
does the female or male coupling have lugs on the shank?
the male
three types of lugs
pin, recessed, and rocker
according to NFPA 1962, how often should how be inspected?
services tested within 90 days before placed in service for the first time and at least annually after that
List types of damage that can occur to a hose
- Mechanical damage
- thermal damage
- organic damage
- chemical damage
- corrosion
- age deterioration
Three most common loads for supply hose lines
flat, accordion, and horseshoe
What type of hose load is less likely to damage from apparatus vibration during travel?
flat load
Three most common loads for attack hose lines
preconnected flat load, triple-layer, load, minuteman load
what are dry barrel hydrants designed for?
freezing temperatures
What are the most common tools used to tighten or loosen hose couplings?
spanner wrench, hydrant wrench, rubber mallet
where is the dry-barrels main valve?
below the frost line
Direct attack
applying water or extinguishing agent directly on the fire
Indirect attack
directing the stream towards the ceiling to cool the room or by banking the stream off the walls
Transitional attack
exterior attack through ventilation opening to help transition the fire from ventilation limited to fuel limited
combination attack
combines a direct attack with an indirect attack, starting at the ceiling and then hitting the fire at its base ex. Z pattern
