Final Exam Flashcards
The factors that led to the so-called disenchantment of the Western imagination.
The broader use of science by people like Copernicus who changed how people viewed the universe, as well as the enlightenment going on at the time which sought to push for the human ability of using logic to solve problems and create a better world.
Reasons capitalism or communism could be considered religions based on definitions used in class.
According to Harari, religion is something that has a Superhuman hold over humanity, it is something that we cannot entirely escape, thus Capitalism and if we lived in a communist society would be considered a Religion.
The definition of eschatology and examples.
It is the end of the world as told by any given religions sacred texts, for Christianity it is part of the Book of Revelations, in Islam, the Quran mentions its end times threw out the text and has no specific “chapter” or “book” like Christianity.
Contrast Protestant and Catholic Christianities.
Protestantism: A reformation-based church, that wants to more closely follow the “writings” of Jesus Christ. The Writtings must be separate from Logic, by faith alone one must decipher the bible on their own. Sin is not transferable through children, no Pergatory.
Catholicism: The word of god told through the new and old testament told through Rome and the Vatican… Sin is passed down from father to son. Pergatory!
Martin Luthor
German reformer. Nailed 95 issues he had with the catholic church in the 17th century, mostly to do with prepaying for Sins. he believed the church had become more of a business and wanted to restore the Christian church to its simpler origins. By Faith Alone can one understand the Bible
John Calvin
He too was a reformer like Luther. but he believed that destinies were prewritten. meaning that God had already determined who was going to heaven and hell, there is nothing that one can do to change their fate. and Only through the act of a miracle can one see God.
Five Pillars of Islam
- Profession of Faith
- Prayer
- Alms
- Fasting
- Pilgrimage
What is Sufism?
It is an Islamic tradition that focuses on the inward dimension, an esoteric reaction to the logical world with an emphasis on the internal connection to God. It is characterized by its tradition of ritual dance and praxis.
Various meanings of Jihad
To Strive or Struggle i.e.: Struggle to live Muslim life, struggle to build just society
Holy War against aggressors
does not condone violence
Violence from self-defence is justified.
The literal meaning of Sharia and content
Submission to God through orthopraxy, right practice and behaviour
Contents: the five pillars, food laws, no gambling, intoxication or fornication, It governs all aspects of life, no loans either.
Atman v. Brahman
Atman: the essence of Brahman in each of us, The Universal self, The Soul
Brahman: The Transcendent aspect of God
Characteristics of Krishna
god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love, a playful god meaning he had a personality, was not just an all-knowing omnipotent being in the sky
Examples of manifestations of Shakti
The female aspect of the divine, manifestation Mother God Devi
Brahman. Brahma. Brahmin.
Brahman: The Transcendent aspect of god.
Brahma: Creator, the triple deity of supreme divinity
Brahmin: devoted to learning and teaching; Priests, Scholars, Teachers. Top of the Caste system
Qualities of the Hindu Trimurti.
Brahma: The Creator
Vishnu: Sustainer and Preserver
Shiva: Destroyer and Transformer
The Four Yogas of Hinduism
Karama
Jnana
Bhakti
Raja
Contrast Atman with Anatman
Atman: The essence of Brahman in each of us
Anatman: there is no self, no soul
The meaning of the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism.
Suffering, that it exists and that eventually it will end, if you follow the Buddha path of enlightenment.
The Buddhist doctrine of Sunyata.
there is no essence or permanence,
form is empty and empty is form
nothing exists independently
everything comes and goes in a chain of cause and effect
General difference between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism
Theravada: Self effort leads to nirvana
Mahayana: There are supernatural beings and powers help humans
Diffuse religion
the leftovers of religion after secularism and consumerism took over the world. It is the things that people hold sacred to themselves and they might now consider religon
Syncretism
combination of different beliefs and various different ideas and practices usually through combining different parts of different religions.
General difference between Daoist and Confucianist approach to life.
Daoist: focused on a belief of nature and life through nature
Confucianist: Focused on Improving Society.
Two ways of talking about the Dao
it is the one thing that connects us all, we are all part of it
Conscience is an instance, part of the Dao
Wu Wei
No Action, acting acording the natural rythem- go with the flow
Confucian virtues
Do not do unto others what you do not want done to yourself
A definition and example of New Religious Movements.
new religions or spiritual movements that still hold values or originate in society dominant religions; Mormons and Jehovah’s Witnesses.
Define and problematize popular usage of the word Cult
a group that is defined by unusual, spiritual or religious practices.
if you classify every different group as a cult you stigmatize all of them, due to the word having such bad connotations thanks to the modern world using it to describe things that could be seen as shady or harmful to those involved with them.
Example of Religious Nationalisms
ISIS
