Final Exam Flashcards
Dbts: What is Type 1 diabetes?
Caused by dysfunctional beta cells in pancreas resulting in no insulin produced
AKA Juvenile Diabetes
Dbts: What is Type 2 diabetes?
Caused by an insulin resistance from consistently elevated blood glucose levels
AKA Adult onset diabetes
Clinical manifestations of Type I DM:
3 P’s, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, diabetic ketoacidosis
Clinical manifestations of type II DM:
3 P’s, fatigue, recurrent infections, vaginal yeast/candida infections, poor wound healing, numb fingers/toes, blurry vision
Treatment of HYPERglycemia:
Insulin therapy + FLUIDS (NS) Rapid Acting (Novalog, Humalog) Short Acting (Humalin R, Novalin R) Intermediate Acting (Humalin N, Novalin N) Long Acting (Levemir)
Treatment of HYPOglycemia
Rule of 15s!
Take BG –> give 15g of carbs (3-4 glucose tabs, 1 glass OJ, 3-5 hard candies) –> wait 15 minutes –> reassess –> Administer carbs again if still low
Normal Fasting BG vs diabetic
74-100mg/dL vs >126mg/dL
Normal HA1C vs Diabetic
4.0 - 6.0% vs > 6.5%
Normal 2hr plasma glucose vs diabetic
<140mg/dL vs >200mg/dL
Pna: respiratory assessment of pt w/ pneumonia
Crackles on auscultation, tachypnea, dyspnea, increased tactile fremitus, yellow/green secretions (bacterial), clear secretions (viral)
Pna: Abnormal findings of pt w/ Pneumonia
Elevated temp, elevated WBCs, positive C&S, dyspnea, anorexia, chills, fluid in the lungs (x-ray)
Pna: Treatments for pneumonia
- get the vaccine
- IV antibiotics for bacterial
- Comfort measures (positioning, pain medication, O2)
- breathing exercise
- ambulation
- fluids
- antipyretics
Pna: Nursing priorities for Acute exacerbations of pneumonia
- Culture & Sensitivity if indicated + administer antibiotics
- Fluids
- O2 therapy
- Ambulation
- Turn cough deep breathe
Pna: Pt education for Pneumonia
- Teach to take the full course of medication and how to take the med
- educate on increasing fluid intake
- possible follow up x-ray
- Educate on the importance of the vaccine!
TB: Respiratory assessment
adventitious sounds (crackles), hemoptysis, dyspnea
TB: abnormal findings for pt with TB
night sweats, hemoptysis, fever, increased WBC, positive C&S, anorexia, weight loss
TB: common treatments for pt w/ TB
- fluids
- RIPES –> rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin
- Directly-Observed therapy
TB: nursing priorities for pt w/ TB
1) place on airborne precautions (negative pressure room, N95 mask)
2) full medical workup w/ xray and C&S
3) begin treatment with anti-TB drugs
TB: pt education for TB
Meds: take course as prescribed for 6 - 12 months
lifestyle: proper hand hygiene, cover nose and mouth with tissue when coughing or sneezing
Management: must test negative 2 times, stay out of public places
Ast: Respiratory assessment for Asthma
Expiratory wheezing, hypoventilation, chest tightness, tachypnea
Ast: abnormal findings for pt w/ asthma
Anxiety, increased temperature, hyperinflation of the lungs, air trapping, diminished breath sounds and respiratory alkalosis are bad
Ast: common short term treatments for asthma
Bronchodilators (SABAs)
- albuterol
- ipratropium/Atrovent
Ast: common long term treatment for asthma
LABAs –> salmeterol
corticosteroids –> fluticasone, prednisone
-Theophylline
-Eliminate triggers
Ast: Nursing priorities for Acute Asthma attack
1) monitor vitals and respiratory status
2) monitor ABGs
3) administer medication as indicated SABA w/ LABA
- reduce anxiety
- fluids