Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
What is the act of teaching?
A
pedogogy
2
Q
What focuses on adult learning?
A
andragogy
3
Q
What are the 4 common learning theories?
A
- behaviorism
- cognitive
- experiential/problem solving
- social-cultural
4
Q
What is the process of learning that involves rewarding correct behavior until the behavioral change is consistently demonstrated?
A
behaviorism
5
Q
When does behaviorism work well?
A
- when teaching a skill with a measurable action
- praise/reward given
6
Q
What is cognitive learning theory?
A
Learners construct meaningful knowledge by connecting new concepts or knowledge to what they already know.
7
Q
Learning is an _____ process, moving from simple and concrete to the complex and abstract.
A
active
8
Q
What is experiential/problem solving learning theory?
A
must learn not only what but also how to apply what they know
9
Q
What type of reflection is involved with experiential/problem solving?
A
reflection in action
10
Q
What is social-cultural learning?
A
learning that occurs in the social or practice setting
11
Q
In the 2x2 matrix, what asks Why? Why Not?
A
Diverging - feeling and watching
12
Q
In the 2x2 matrix, what asks What?
A
Assimilating - watching and thinking
13
Q
In the 2x2 matrix, what asks How does it work?
A
Converging - doing and thinking
14
Q
In the 2x2 matrix, what asks so what now?
A
accommodating - doing and feeling
15
Q
- Oldest male is the decision maker/spokesperson
- Interests/honors of family are more important than those of individual family members
- Strong emphasis on avoiding conflict and direct confrontation
- Mental illness may produce guilt or shame
A
asian/pacific islander
16
Q
- Older person should be addressed by their last name.
- Avoid gesturing, some may have adverse connotations.
- the valuing of family considerations over individual or community needs, is strong
- tends to be patriarchal and follow a rigid hierarchical structure
- Family involvement in health care is common
- reluctant to share their beliefs with healthcare providers
A
hispanic
17
Q
- Can be either patriarchal or matriarchal, but tends to be matriarchal
Higher percentage of Single moms - Religion/faith play a large part in their culture
- Strong family ties
- Medical healthcare team distrust
A
African american
18
Q
- Many elderly Americans would rather live alone and be self-reliant
- Roles and duties in the family are becoming less dictated by a person’s gender
- Strong religious beliefs depending on region
A
caucasian
19
Q
What is fictive kin? Who is more likely to have them?
A
- people that are not blood related but apart of the family
- minorities like AA and Hispanics
20
Q
silent generation
A
born 1925-1942
- Value hard work and thriftiness
- Work values of conformity, consistency and uniformity
- Value the system over the individual enterprise
- Emphasize traditional mores
21
Q
Baby boomers
A
born 1943-1960
- Have the buy now, pay later mentality
- Equate work with self worth
- Driven and dedicated
22
Q
Generation X
A
born 1961-1981
- Do not belong to any group
- Know how to win
- Manage on their own and participate in discussions
- Balance job and leisure time
- Try to attain several goals all at once
23
Q
Milennials
A
born after 1982-1996
- Optimistic, assertive, positive
- Accept authority – are rule followers
- Accustomed to structure
- Think of themselves as global
- Prefer to multitask
- Have difficulty honing skills of critical analysis necessary to read between the lines
24
Q
Generation Z
A
born 1997-onward
- Search for the truth
- Don’t abide by labels, appreciate individualism
- Solve conflicts and improve the world
25
Infant mortality _____ as mother's level of education decreases.
increases
26
What race has a higher cancer death rate?
AA
27
What race is most susceptible to diabetes?
Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders
28
What race is most susceptible to HIV/AIDS?
AA
29
Who were more likely to have tooth decay?
Mexican and AA poor families
30
Who is less likely to visit the doctor?
- adults with less than high school diploma
| - Asian and Hispanics
31
Who is less likely to have insurance?
Hispanics
32
What is reflection?
- process of examining an experience that raises an issue of concern
- an internal process we use to help refine our understanding of an experience
33
Why is reflection important?
- Raises awareness of own behavior
- Patient feedback
- Helps with patient compliance/patient buy in
34
Reflection is NOT______. The person has to be the one to do it.
passive
35
Reflection must be ______.
intentional
36
What facilitates deeper learning beyond rote memorization?
conscious reflection
37
Why is reflection important in PT?
Allows us to connect our personal experiences, preferences, and beliefs to the experiences of our patient
38
What is reflection in action?
- reflection while attending to a task
| - Continually questioning, observing, assessing, and adjusting our thoughts and actions throughout the treatment session
39
What is reflection on action?
- retrospective
| - What worked, what did not work, why?
40
What is reflection for action?
- What can I do differently for the next time? Or what can I continue to do to get the same result?
41
What is content reflection?
- Analysis of the problem/situation from the perspectives of all those involved
- What is going on? What is the problem?
42
What is process reflecion?
- Looking at your actions or how you approached the situation
- Determine problem-solving strategies, determine efficacy of strategies chosen, explore other available strategies
43
What is premise reflection?
- analyze and question our own assumptions or assumptions underlying the problems we face
- Enables us to recognize these assumptions and question them before we make judgments or decisions
Ex: MD always does weight baring as tolerated for total knee patients
44
What is key to self-assessment?
reflection
45
Most patient fall in the ____ or ______ level for adult literacy.
basic or intermediate
46
What are the 3 major learning domains?
- cognitive
- psychomotor
- affective
47
What are the 6 progressive levels of cognitive domain?
1) Knowledge
2) Comprehension
3) Application
4) Analysis
5) Synthesis
6) Evaluation
48
What is the development of knowledge?
cognitive domain
49
What is the development of motor skills to be mastered?
psychomotor domain
50
What is the Development of attitudes, feelings, beliefs and values
affective domain - being open to making a change
51
What is perceptual and spiritual domains?
perceptual - Involves use of the senses in how patients receive and use information
spiritual - Various beliefs related to spirituality
52
What are the ABCD's of Objective Writing?
- Audience (WHO)
- Behavior (What)
- Condition (When/HOW)
- Degree of Mastery (HOW WELL/HOW MUCH)
53
What is the rule of 7's?
Working memory has limited capacity and can only process 7 items or “chunks” of information +/- 2 at a time
54
What is the precontemplation stage of change?
- no intention of making a behavioral change
| - Provide information about potential risk of continuing and benefits of change
55
What is the contemplation stage of change?
- Beginning to think about making a positive change in behavior within next 6 months
- not entirely committed
- Clarify possible risks involved in resisting change and highlight the benefits of making it
56
What is preparation stage of change?
- making plans to change
- assist in goals
- realistic strategies and goals
57
What is action stage of change?
- actively participating in change
| - promote self confidence and outline steps to reach goals
58
What is maintenance stage of change?
- Behavior change has persisted for more than 6 months
59
What is the 5A's Behavioral Intervention Protocol?
1) address the issue
2) assess the issue
3) advise the patient
4) assist the patient
5) arrange for follow-up
60
What is Helping patient find their behavior change by letting them explore and find their mixed feelings to make the change that they need to make?
motivational interviewing
61
What are the 5 R's?
1) Relevance
2) Risks
3) Rewards
4) Roadblocks
5) Repetition
62
In what environment is acquisition of knowledge done?
classroom
63
In what environment is acquisition of skill done?
Lab
64
In what environment is the use of knowledge and skill for clinical decision making and patient management done?
clinic
65
Learning takes place in a _______ of practice.
community
66
What are the 3 points of the learning triad?
- learner
- instructor
- clinical community
67
What are 3 distinct functions of mentors?
- support/affirmation
- challenge
- vision
68
What is assertiveness in managing conflict?
Focused on the task or own goals.
69
What is cooperativeness in managing conflict?
Focus on the relationship or others.
70
What is combos in managing conflict?
Compromise and Collaborate/Integrate
71
What is acquisition of a skilled movement?
motor learning
72
What are the 3 stages of motor learning?
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
73
What stage of motor learning has a basic understanding of skill, frequent errors, and still learning movments?
cognitive
74
What stage of motor learning doesn't have to think about technique anymore and is difficult to correct improper form?
autonomous
75
What stage of motor learning automatically has technique, can recognize errors themselves, and errors are no longer major?
associative
76
What is open vs closed task?
open - occur under variable conditions requiring instantaneous adaptations.
- ex: walking in a busy street
closed - occur in a constant environment with minimal variations
ex: walking in parallel bars
77
What is discrete vs continuous task?
discrete - has inherent start and end point
ex: walking to cone and back
continuous - no inherent start or end
ex: driving, propelling a wheelchair
78
What is stability vs mobility task?
stability - require a stable base of support
ex: lying down, sitting, standing
Mobility - task demands associated with a mobile base of support
ex: running, jumping
79
_______ leads to mobility.
stability
80
What is massed vs distributed practice?
massed - more practice, less rest
distributed - more rest, less practice
81
Massed practice enhances ____ term recall
short
82
Distributed practice enhances _____ term recall
long, retention
83
What is constant vs variable practice?
constant - uniformed practice, skill practice same way each time
variable - skill practiced different ways each time
84
What is random vs blocked practice?
random - practice skills in an unpredictable order
blocked - practice skills in a set order
85
Random practice enhances ______ and ______.
retention and generalizability
86
Blocked practice enhance ____ performance
early
87
_______ practice is important to ensure learning
variable
88
______ practice will improve the transfer or tasks to novel conditions.
random
89
_________ feedback is critical to error detection and learning or relearning motor movements
Intrinsic
90
________ feedback is helpful in motivating patients/clients and reinforcing movements
Extrinisic
