Final Exam Flashcards
What is the point in the respiratory track where inspired gas reaches body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (BTPS) conditions?
Isothermic saturation boundary
Which of the following factors cause the isothermic saturation boundary (ISB) to shift farther down into the airways?
Decreased ambient temperature
Increased tidal volume (VT)
Endotracheal intubation
What is the primary goal of humidity therapy?
Maintain normal physiologic conditions
Inhalation of dry gases can do which of the following?
Increase viscosity of secretions
Impair mucociliary motility
Increase airway irritability
Indications for warming inspired gases include all of the following except:
Reducing upper airway inflammation or swelling
Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the nose or mouth?
50% relative humidity (RH) at 20° to 22° C
Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the hypopharynx, as when administering oxygen by nasal catheter?
95% RH at 29° to 32° C
What device adds molecular water to gas?
humidifier
What is the most important factor determining a humidifier’s performance?
Temperature
Gas leaving an unheated humidifier at 10° C and 100% relative humidity (absolute humidity = 9.4 mg/L) would provide what relative humidity at body temperature?
about 20%
What is the simplest way to increase the humidity output of a humidifier?
Increase the temperature of either the water or the gas.
Which of the following types of humidifiers are used in clinical practice?
Heat-moisture exchanger
Passover humidifier
Bubble humidifier
What is the goal of using an unheated bubble humidifier with oronasal oxygen delivery systems?
Raise the humidity of the gas to ambient levels.
Why should you NOT heat the reservoirs of a bubble humidifier used with an oronasal oxygen delivery system?
Condensate will obstruct the delivery tubing.
To protect against obstructed or kinked tubing, simple bubble humidifiers incorporate which of the following?
Pressure relief valve
When checking an oxygen delivery system that incorporates a bubble humidifier running at 6 L/min, you occlude the delivery tubing, and the humidifier pressure relief immediately pops off. What does this indicate?
Normal, leak-free system
A design that increases surface area and enhances evaporation by incorporating an absorbent material partially submerged in a water reservoir that is surrounded by a heating element best describes what type of humidifier?
Wick
Which of the following are types of heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs)?
Simple condenser
Hygroscopic condenser
Hydrophobic condenser
A heat-moisture exchangers has an efficiency rating of 80%. What does this mean?
Of the exhaled water vapor, 80% returns to the patient on inspiration.
According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the U.S. Department of Commerce, a gas cylinder that is color-coded brown and green should contain which of the following?
He-O2
The gauge on an E cylinder of O2 reads 800 psig. About how long would the contents of this cylinder last, until completely empty, at a flow of 3 L/min?
(800*0.28)/3 = 74.67 minutes (1hr. 14min)
What do the components of a liquid O2 bulk storage tank include?
Inner & outer steel shells, separated by a vacuum
Safety system that vents O2 if warming occurs
Vaporizer system that converts liquid O2 to gas
Pressure-reducing valves to lower pressure to 50 psig
What safety system is represented by this image?
Per Gary - know the difference between ASSS, DISS, PISS
The black arrow is pointing towards a yellow object, what is this objects function?
Gasloc (per Gary)
Specific clinical objectives of oxygen (O2) therapy include which of the following?
Correct documented/suspected acute hypoxemia
Decrease symptoms associated with chronic hypoxemia
Decrease workload imposes on cardiopulmonary system
Which of the following signs and symptoms are associated with the presence of hypoxemia?
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Cyanosis
A patient with chronic hypercapnia placed on an FIO2 of 0.6 starts hypoventilating. What is the probable cause of this phenomenon?
O2 induced hypoventilatiton
Which of the following is false about absorption atelectasis?
It can occur only when breathing supplemental O2.
Delivery systems that provide only a portion of a patient’s inspired gas are referred to as what?
Variable-performance systems
A 27-year-old woman received from the emergency department is on a nasal cannula at 5 L/min. Approximately what FIO2 is this patient receiving?
40%
What is the minimum flow setting for a simple mask applied to an adult?
5 L/min
What is the air to oxygen ratio for a 35% air entrainment mask?
*1:5
A patient is receiving O2 through a nonrebreathing mask set at 10 L/min. You notice that the mask’s reservoir bag collapses completely before the end of each inspiration. Which of the following actions is appropriate in this case?
Increase the liter flow
A patient receiving 35% O2 through an air-entrainment mask set at 6 L/min input flow becomes tachypneic. Simultaneously, you notice that the SpO2 has fallen from 91% to 87%. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?
Increase the devices input flow to 10 L/min
An O2 delivery device takes separate pressurized(50psi) air and O2 sources as input, then mixes these gases through a precision valve. What does this describe?
O2 blending system
If the oxygen: air entrainment ratio is 1:10, what is the FIO2?
*28%
With which of the following devices are therapeutic aerosols generated?
Atomizers
Nebulizers
Which of the following factors affect pulmonary deposition of an aerosol?
Size of the particles
Shape and motion of the particles
Physical characteristics of the airways
Most of the spray generated by the majority of metered-dose inhalers consists of which of the following?
Propellant
To decrease the likelihood of an opportunistic yeast or fungal infection associated with metered-dose inhaler (MDI) steroids, what would you recommend that a patient do?
Use a spacer or holding chamber.
Rinse the mouth after each treatment.
During aerosol drug delivery using a small-volume jet nebulizer (SVN) set at 8 L/min input flow, a patient asks that the head of the bed be lowered to a semi-Fowler’s position. Immediately after doing so, you observe a significant drop in SVN aerosol output, despite there being at least 3 ml of solution left in the reservoir. What would you do to correct this problem?
Reposition the patient so that the SVN is more upright.
Normally, when using a 50-psi flowmeter to drive a small-volume jet nebulizer, to what should you set the flow?
6 to 10 L/min
Persistent breathing at small tidal volumes can result in which of the following?
Passive atelecatasis
Correct instruction in the technique of incentive spirometry should include which of the following?
Diaphragmatic breathing at slow to moderate flows
Which of the following is/are necessary for normal airway clearance?
Functional mucociliary escalator
