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Psychology 207 - Developmental > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Information Processing Theory?

A

Cognitive Development changes over time, humans process information, continuous patterns of development (no stages).

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2
Q

The cognitive process includes…?

A

Attention, Working memory, long term memory

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3
Q

How is information processed?

A

Input - Attention - Sensory register - Working memory - Long term memory

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4
Q

The process between short term memory and long term memory

A

Retrieval and encoding

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5
Q

What is attention?

A

The allocation of limited processing resources.

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6
Q

Where does control of attention occur?

A

Parietal lobes (but central cognition occurs in the prefrontal cortex)

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7
Q

What is working memory used for?

A

Attention, complex thinking, organizing, problem-solving, remembering tasks.

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8
Q

Types of Memory?

A

Explicit (recall, voluntary, conscious) and Implicit (Involuntary, unconscious)

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9
Q

Examples of types of Long-term memory.

A

Episodic (memories), Semantic (general knowledge), Procedural (riding a bike, reflexes).

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10
Q

What is habituation?

A

Diminishing of a response to a frequently repeated stimulus.

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11
Q

How to assess infant attention?

A

Preferential looking

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12
Q

First sense developed by infants.

A

Auditory

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13
Q

What helps memory performances in children?

A

Language (as it develops so does memory)

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14
Q

Gardeners’ theory of Multiple Intelligence?

A

8 sections (Logical-maths, Linguistic, Spatial, Musical, Body-kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic)

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15
Q

What environmental factors influence intelligence?

A

Family, School, Poverty, Access to enrichment.

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16
Q

5 traits of trait theory.

A

OPensess, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

17
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development.

A
  1. Trust v Mistrust 2. Autonomy v Shame & Doubt 3. Initiative v Guilt 4. Industry v Inferiority 5. Identity v Role confusion 6. Intimacy v Isolation
18
Q

When do infants develop an implicit sense of self?

A

18 months

19
Q

What are the broad categories of temperament?

A

Easy, Difficult, Slow-to-warm-up

20
Q

Temperament is…?

A

Stable. Moderately predicts later adjustment

21
Q

What percent of children are easy?

A

40%, Difficult = 10% and S-t-w-u = 15% (35% unknown)

22
Q

What is goodness-of-fit?

A

Match between child-rearing environment and a child’s temperament.

23
Q

What did Thomas & Chess say about temperament?

A

Easy, Difficult, S-t-w-u theory

24
Q

5 areas of self-esteem.

A

Scholastic, Social, Behavioural, Athletic, Physical

25
Q

Whose is the gender schema theory?

A

Bern (1981)

26
Q

What age is Identity v Confusion?

A

Adolescence

27
Q

Marcia’s 4 states towards mature identity.

A

Identity Diffusion, Moratorium, Identity foreclosure, Identity achievement.

28
Q

What is the Moratorium stage?

A

When adolescence raises questions and finds answers.

29
Q

What did Arnett (2000, 2007) suggest about development?

A

A new stage of Emerging Adulthood

30
Q

What is social cognition?

A

A cognitive process that involves others

31
Q

Two common pathways of Antisocial behavior.

A

Life-course-persistent (begins early) and Adolescent-limited (begin in puberty, ends in young adulthood)

32
Q

Whose theory is social information processing?

A

Crick & Dodge (1994)

33
Q

6 steps of Social information processing.

A
  1. Encoding 2. Interpretation 3. Clarification of goals 4. Response access and construction 5. Response direction 6. Behavior enactment
34
Q

What are emotions?

A

Physiological states, cognitions, behaviours, subject experiences.

35
Q

Emotion expression depends on..?

A

Culture and Personality

36
Q

Primary and Secondary Emotions.

A

Present at birth (joy, surprise, distress) Require self-awareness (embarrassed, shame, pride)

37
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for emotions?

A

Amygdala

38
Q

Who proposed attachment theory?

A

John Bowlby

39
Q

Mary Ainsworth found 3 patterns of response to the strange situation, they were…?

A

Securely attached (65%), Anxious/Ambivilant (10%), Aviodant (20%)

Psychology 207 - Developmental (1 decks)

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