final exam

Question 1

vitamins and minerals are classified as

Answer 1

micronutrients, consumed in milligrams

Question 2

3 macros

Answer 2

fats, carbs, protein

Question 3

vitamins and minerals contain no useable energy

Answer 3

true (no cals) but produce energy

Question 4

thiamine

Answer 4

B vitamin, coenzyme in ACoA/ ATP prod

Question 5

pantothenic acid

Answer 5

b vitamin, part of ACoA

Question 6

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 6

a,d,e,k- stored over long periods of time in fat or liver

Question 7

water soluble vitamins

Answer 7

b.c- usually stored in blood plasma but only for short periods of time

Question 8

8 b complex vitamins

Answer 8

coenzymes in energy prod and help for rbc’s

Question 9

hypervitaminosis

Answer 9

toxicity from too much fat soluble vitamins

(excess water soluble are excreted

Question 10

vitamin b deficiency

Answer 10

cause fatigue, lethargy, intolerance to exc, growth problems in children

Question 11

blood plasma is located in

Answer 11

extracellular fluid

Question 12

intracellular fluid

Answer 12

water, ions, water soluble molecules ex. protein

Question 13

intracellular minerals/ extracellular

Answer 13

potassium, phosphorus/ sodium, chloride (all electrolytes)

Question 14

do red bull b vitamins provide an immediate energy boost

Answer 14

(no) immediate energy from caffeine, b vit coenzymes for energy prod.

Question 15

components of blood

Answer 15

55% plasma, 45% rbc, 1% platlets/wbc

Question 16

erythrocytes

Answer 16

rbc, transport ox

Question 17

leukocytes

Answer 17

immune system function

Question 18

hemoglobin

Answer 18

rbc protein that transports and exchanges o2 and co2 between tissues and lungs, 4 globin pro and 1 heme fe

Question 19

where are rbc synthesized

Answer 19

bone marrow- made of iron, copper, zinc, B 6/9/12

Question 20

hormone responsible for rbc regulation

Answer 20

erythropoietin secreted by kidneys to signal bone marrow to mature rbc’s

Question 21

what is the difference between heme and non-heme iron

Answer 21

heme comes only from animals and is more absorbable

Question 22

anemia

Answer 22

lack of healthy rbc to transport ox, most common nutritional deficiency, low hemog, less oxidative metabolism (rely on PCr and glycolysis- more use of glycogen = greater fatigue)

Question 23

those at highest risk for anemia

Answer 23

women, vegetarians, endurance athletes

Question 24

do athletes in water cool themselves with sweat more than those on land

Answer 24

swimmers use convection, land uses perspiration/ evap

Question 25

common issues of dehydration

Answer 25

heat stress/ hyperthermia (increase temp, loss of fluid= decreased blood volume)

Question 26

osmolarity

Answer 26

electrolyte content of blood

Question 27

diuretic/ antid hormones

Answer 27

regulates hydration by controlling urination

Question 28

hyponatremia

Answer 28

over-hydration/low blood sodium, 135mEq/L

Question 29

myofibrils are made of

Answer 29

sarcomeres and myofilaments separated by z lines

Question 30

sarcomeres are made of

Answer 30

thick filaments (myosin) and thin (actin) *R&J

Question 31

force generating protein

Answer 31

myosin, uses ATP to cause contractions

Question 32

which type of skeletal muscle is good for a mile run

Answer 32

type 1 (high fatigue resistance, high energy, slow contractions)