final exam Flashcards
vitamins and minerals are classified as
micronutrients, consumed in milligrams
3 macros
fats, carbs, protein
vitamins and minerals contain no useable energy
true (no cals) but produce energy
thiamine
B vitamin, coenzyme in ACoA/ ATP prod
pantothenic acid
b vitamin, part of ACoA
fat soluble vitamins
a,d,e,k- stored over long periods of time in fat or liver
water soluble vitamins
b.c- usually stored in blood plasma but only for short periods of time
8 b complex vitamins
coenzymes in energy prod and help for rbc’s
hypervitaminosis
toxicity from too much fat soluble vitamins
(excess water soluble are excreted
vitamin b deficiency
cause fatigue, lethargy, intolerance to exc, growth problems in children
blood plasma is located in
extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
water, ions, water soluble molecules ex. protein
intracellular minerals/ extracellular
potassium, phosphorus/ sodium, chloride (all electrolytes)
do red bull b vitamins provide an immediate energy boost
(no) immediate energy from caffeine, b vit coenzymes for energy prod.
components of blood
55% plasma, 45% rbc, 1% platlets/wbc
erythrocytes
rbc, transport ox
leukocytes
immune system function
hemoglobin
rbc protein that transports and exchanges o2 and co2 between tissues and lungs, 4 globin pro and 1 heme fe
where are rbc synthesized
bone marrow- made of iron, copper, zinc, B 6/9/12
hormone responsible for rbc regulation
erythropoietin secreted by kidneys to signal bone marrow to mature rbc’s
what is the difference between heme and non-heme iron
heme comes only from animals and is more absorbable
anemia
lack of healthy rbc to transport ox, most common nutritional deficiency, low hemog, less oxidative metabolism (rely on PCr and glycolysis- more use of glycogen = greater fatigue)
those at highest risk for anemia
women, vegetarians, endurance athletes
do athletes in water cool themselves with sweat more than those on land
swimmers use convection, land uses perspiration/ evap
common issues of dehydration
heat stress/ hyperthermia (increase temp, loss of fluid= decreased blood volume)
osmolarity
electrolyte content of blood
diuretic/ antid hormones
regulates hydration by controlling urination
hyponatremia
over-hydration/low blood sodium, 135mEq/L
myofibrils are made of
sarcomeres and myofilaments separated by z lines
sarcomeres are made of
thick filaments (myosin) and thin (actin) *R&J
force generating protein
myosin, uses ATP to cause contractions
which type of skeletal muscle is good for a mile run
type 1 (high fatigue resistance, high energy, slow contractions)
