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World History & Geography > Final Exam 1 > Flashcards

Final Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Give three detailed facts about the Renaissance

A

The Renaissance was the rebirth of art and learning, it began because of the Medici family, and involves moving away from religious and flat artwork to realistic art with perspective and many other changes

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1
Q

Give 3 detailed facts about the Aztecs

A

The Aztecs were located in the valley of Mexico, the capital of the Aztecs was Tenochtitlán, everyday the Aztecs made a sacrifice to the gods so that the sun would come up and everyone gave their blood

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2
Q

Give 3 detailed facts about Martin Luther

A

He posted a total of 95 theses on the door of the castle church which begin the Protestant Reformation, his followers were known as the lutherans, and he believed that you can gain salvation through faith in God, all church teachings should come directly from the Bible, and all people of faith are equal

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3
Q

Give three detailed facts about the treatment of Native Americans

A

The Dutch and the french were kind to the natives and treated them well, the Dutch and French traded with natives a lot, and the Spanish and English made them slaves and took their land

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4
Q

Give three detailed facts about triangular trade

A

The Americas sent raw goods such as fruits and vegetables to Europe, Europe sent manufactured goods such as rum and sugar to Africa, and Africa sent slaves to the Americas in order to keep the process going

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5
Q

Give three reasons for European exploration

A

The Europeans wanted three things to come out of exploring: God— they wanted to spread religion to other parts of the world, Glory— they wanted to be recognized and remembered for doing something great, and gold— they wanted to be rich

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6
Q

Give three details facts about Suleyman the lawgiver

A

He was a very successful ruler of the Ottoman Empire, he allowed religious freedom throughout the empire, he chose his third, most incompetent son to inherit the throne after he killed his first son and exiled the second

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7
Q

Give free facts about the African society you studied during chapter 15

A

Some groups were patrilineal and others were matrilineal, men mostly hunted and women did household chores and gathered food, they lived with many other family members in one home

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8
Q

Who conquered the Aztec empire?

A

Hernando Cortes

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9
Q

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than the Native Americans?

A

Africans were strangers in the Americas, so it wouldn’t have allies or places to hide

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10
Q

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?

A

An island in the Caribbean Sea

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11
Q

What did the encomienda system provide for new Spain?

A

Cheap labor

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12
Q

As part of the Columbian exchange, what was carried west across the Atlantic?

A

Disease and livestock

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13
Q

Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th-century sailing innovations?

A

Portugal

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14
Q

During the 1500s, what was China’s official trade policy?

A

Only the government was allowed to trade with foreign countries

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15
Q

Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good Hope?

A

Bartolomeu Dias

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16
Q

What did Hongwu do first to help China to become a dominant power?

A

He overthrew the Mongols and establish the Ming Dynasty

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17
Q

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

A

Art and learning

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18
Q

The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subject?

A

Human potential and achievements

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19
Q

For what is the Medici family famous?

A

For being rulers and supporters of the arts

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20
Q

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

A

The Bible

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21
Q

In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance men?

A

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist

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22
Q

What did Suleyman the lawgiver support?

A

Government Reform and cultural achievements

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23
Q

What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?

A

Predestination

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24
What were the common crops grown in the Americas prior to European interaction?
Maize and cacao
25
What are common beliefs among Native American tribes prior to European interaction?
Polytheism
26
What was the line of succession after Henry VIII died?
Edward, Elizabeth, Mary
27
What title did the Ottoman leaders take?
Sultan
28
Which continents did the Ottoman Empire stretch to at its greatest extent?
Europe and Asia
29
How did millets play a role and Ottoman society?
They were small communities in which people of other religions were able to freely practice their religion for a tax
30
How did the Chinese show their superiority during the period before isolation?
By sending out large fleets of ships to give away goods and bring back animals and people to kowtow
31
Who was the first Europeans crew to travel all the way around the world?
Magellan
32
What was one result of the loss of natives lives to disease?
A severe shortage of labor in the colonies
33
How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade?
Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart
34
What were Europeans main motives for making voyages of expiration?
To grow wealthy and spread Christianity
35
Why was it Zheng He here important?
He led seven Chinese overseas exploration
36
What were China's main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade?
China believed it was self-sufficient and didn't need outside goods
37
How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration?
He founded a navigational school on the coast of Portugal and encouraged exploration
38
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?
To decrease conflict over the claiming of new lands
39
How are Ghazi's and janissaries similar?
They were warriors that had been trained and converted to Islam
40
Why did Shah Jahan ignore his people's needs?
He was more interested in architecture and his wife
41
How did Italy's location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Italy had access to Roman ruins and ancient manuscripts from Constantinople
42
What was the main reason for Henry VIII's split with the Roman Catholic Church?
His desire for a male heir
43
Why did the Puritans and pilgrims come to the New World?
Freedom from religious persecution
44
Who was Akbar?
He encouraged religious tolerance in the Mughal empire and presided over a great cultural and artistic age
45
What was devshirme?
Christian boys were taken as slaves, converted to Islam, and turned into warriors and government officials as part of this ottoman policy
46
Who was Shah Jahan?
He built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife
47
Timur the lame
This Central Asian conqueror interrupted the growth of the Ottoman Empire
48
Constantinople
Mehmed the second was able to conquer this Byzantine city using cannons and military strategy
49
Iroquois
A group of tribes that spoke related languages and formed a political alliance
50
Hopewell/Mississippian
Famous for building mounds in which they buried their dead
51
Anasazi
Built pueblos on cliffs in the western portion of the United States
52
Inca
Located in Peru, used a central government, effective bureaucracy, extensive road system and single language to unite its people
53
Maya
Located in Central America, they developed an advanced writing system, impressively accurate calendar and no one knows why they declined
54
Aztec
Located in Mexico, created a large island city, more populated than European cities of the time with religion at the center of life
55
Hernando Cortes
He and his conquistadors conquered the Aztecs
56
Christopher Columbus
He landed in the Caribbean and mistakenly believed it to be the East Indies
57
Vasco da gama
He and his crew were the first Portuguese explorers to reach India after rounding the southern tip of Africa in their ship
58
Francisco Pizarro
He was responsible for destroying the Incan civilization
59
Bartolomeo Dias
He had to turn back to Portugal after reaching the southern tip of Africa due to low levels of supplies
60
What are the five pillars of Islam?
Affirmation of faith, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, almsgiving
61
Describe and explain three advancements in China during the Tang or song dynasties and how they impacted society
1. The magnetic compass helped sea trade to become easier 2. The completion of the grand canal expanded trade throughout China 3. The invention of paper money made it easier/lighter to carry than coins. It was also easier to organize
62
How and why did the Russians convert to eastern orthodox Christianity?
Vladimir wanted to convert to Eastern Orthodox because his grandmother had been Christian, so he baptized all of the citizens in the Dnieper River
63
Why is Genghis Khan so well-known? What did he accomplish? What methods did he use? What areas did he control?
Genghis Khan is known for being one of the greatest emperors ever because he ruled a very large amount territory. He controlled Mongolia by raping and killing everyone. He was a great military strategist.
64
What was the social structure in feudal Europe?
Emperor, nobles, knights, serfs, merchants
65
What was the social structure in Feudal Japan?
Emperor, shogun samurai, peasants, merchants, artisans
66
What were three problems facing the Roman Catholic Church during the middle ages? Describe how they impacted the church
1. Priests were illiterate so they were teaching by what they remembered which wasn't very reliable 2. The French and Italian popes excommunicated each other, causing the papacy lose power 3. Priests were getting married, priests were supposed to only devote their life to God, so many people were angry
67
What are three things emperor Justinian was most famous for? Explain the impact of each
1. The Justinian code, it was used as the code of law for the Byzantine Empire for 900 years 2. He rebuilt how Hagia Sophia, there was now a place to worship Christianity 3. He put an end to the Nika rebellion by killing every single rebel, there is a huge population decrease in the Empire
68
What was the effect of the three field system?
Farmers produced more food and villagers had more to eat
69
What was the body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire?
Justinian code
70
What trade routes stretched from China to Rome, bringing goods together to interact and exchange ideas?
Silk Road
71
Russia achieved liberation from Mongol rule after
The Russian and Mongol armies refused to fight, and both sides went home
72
In which society did women bind their feet in order to be more beautiful?
China
73
What would samurai rather do than face defeat or dishonor?
Commit ritual suicide
74
What did European knights wear and bring into battle?
Chain mail or plate armor, broadsword, and lance
75
Why did European knights fight for their earthly lord?
In exchange for land
76
What did Japanese samurai expect of women?
To live up to the same values of honor and courage as men
77
What were some of the lasting effects of the long bow?
Knights became extremely important to battle
78
Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?
Traders
79
What was an enduring characteristic of Japanese government?
An emperor who reigned as a figurehead while another power ruled
80
Who is the famous Seljuk ruler that was known for building a famous mosque, promoting art and education?
Malik Shah
81
What was the central issue of the hundred years war?
The throne of France
82
What created an intelligent, capable governing class in China?
The civil service examination system
83
What was the name of the Cambodian empire in southeast Asia with the capital in Angkor?
Khmer Empire
84
What name was used for Seljuk rulers?
Shah
85
What best describes the nature of a craft Guild?
An association of people who worked at the same occupation
86
The achievement for which Charlemagne is most remembered was
Building an empire larger than any since Rome in Europe
87
What were John Wycliffe's main complaints about the church?
Church worldliness/wealth and papal authority over Jesus
88
What was the name of the ruling group that Charles Martel began?
Carolingian Dynasty
89
What did the devastation caused by the bubonic plague contribute to?
The disruption and collapse of medieval society
90
Who did Muslims consider the people of the book?
Jews and Christians
91
What do Muslims believe about Muhammad?
He was the last and greatest of the prophets
92
What title did Ivan III use?
Czar
93
What was the major cause of the East-West schism?
Argument about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope
94
What did the Magna Carta guarantee?
Basic legal rights
95
What is one thing that did not contribute to the fall of the Tang Dynasty?
The restoration of the civil-service system
96
Orthodox Christianity became the state religion of which empire?
The Byzantine Empire
97
Toward what city do Muslims pray?
Mecca
98
What division of Islam believes that only a relative of Muhammed is qualified to be a caliph?
Shi'a
99
What did the kamikaze, or divine wind do for Japan?
It stopped a Mongolian invasion
100
What was the name of the Chinese dynasty that was ruled by Mongolians?
Yuan
101
What was an effect of the commercial revolution?
Workers were paid for labor, more money available for building business, increase in power of the King
102
What was Japan's response to its first contact with Chinese culture?
The Japanese borrowed Chinese practices but adapted them
103
Pope Boniface VIII
Sent to prison by Philip IV for trying to prevent huge taxes being levied on the church and dies there, leading to the great schism of the West
104
Pepin the short
He forced his brother into the church and expanded control of land in Europe. He was the father of Charlemagne
105
William the conqueror
He was a Norman Lord that went after the English crown and won, then taking land from English lords and giving it to those loyal to him
106
Philip II
A French king that expanded the power of France, controlled nobles, collected taxes and ran courts
107
Yaroslav the wise
He expanded Christianity within Russia, and discourage revenge attacks and promoted peaceful laws. He also split up the land and gave a portion to each son, which caused the country the weaken
108
Vladimir
He converted his citizens to Christianity that was brought by his grandmother to Russia. He baptized the citizens in the Dnieper River
109
Cannon law
Church law that all Christians were required to follow
110
Vernacular
A common language that is spoken by most people in a country
111
Kanji
Japanese written language that has specific sounds assigned to each symbol
112
Seppuku
Ritual suicide performed by samurai
113
Common law
A set of judges past decisions made into laws
114
Khanate of the Golden horde
The name for the Mongolian controlled Russian lands
115
Khanate of the great khan
The Mongolian name for the land they controlled in China, Mongolia, and Korea
116
Nirvana
Enlightenment or total understanding
117
Confucian exams
passing this allowed you to be part of the Chinese civil-service
118
Torah
Book of worship in the Jewish religion
119
Indulgence
A pardon that released a sinner from performing penalties imposed by a priest for sins
120
Caste system
A system determining the social standing of people based on performance in previous lives
121
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of the Buddhist Faith
122
Kublai Khan
He founded the Yuan dynasty and tried to fulfill his grandfather's goal of conquering all of China
123
Silk Road
The system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia allowed for increased trade and expansion of the Empire
124
Great schism
A split in the church due to arguments about which man holding the position of the pope was the true pope
125
Swahili
A blend of Arabic and Bantu languages
126
What are the four Noble truths?
1. Life is filled with suffering and sorrow 2. The cause of all suffering is people's selfishness and the temporary pleasures of this world 3. The way to end all suffering is to end all desires 4. The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the eight fold path which is called the middle way between desires and self-denial
127
What is the eight fold path?
1. Right views 2. Right resolve 3. Right speech 4. Right conduct/action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration
128
Baghdad is west of these two rivers and is considered the Fertile Crescent of the world
Tigris and Euphrates
129
These mountains are located south of the Mediterranean Sea
Atlas Mountains
130
This was the first monotheistic religion
Judaism
131
Which two major world religions have a common believe in reincarnation?
Buddhism and Hinduism
132
Why did the Sunni and Shia split? Explain what each side wanted
The Sunni wanted a good Muslim as their leader and the Shiates wanted a direct descendent of Muhammed
133
What was the main economic activity in New France?
The fur trade
134
Besides for food, what was carried west across the Atlantic in the Columbian exchange?
Slaves
135
This war caused France to lose all of its landholdings in North America
French and Indian war
136
This invention made China a great seapower under the song Dynasty
Magnetic compass
137
What was the purpose of building the city of St. Petersburg?
A warm water port or a window to Europe
138
What French ruler boasted "I am the state"?
King Louis XIV
139
This is the code that Samurai follow in medieval Japan
Bushido code
140
This document was drawn up by English Nobles to guarantee basic rights for nobles against the king
Magna Carta
141
This means Mongolian peace
Pax Mongolia
142
This is the code that knights follow in medieval Europe
Chivalry
143
This group of people invaded Russia, turkey, and the Byzantine Empire
Mongolians
144
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the capital was moved to this location
Constantinople
145
This person from Normandy took the English crown for his own after defeating his rival becoming king
William the conqueror
146
These were military ventures designed to take back the holy land from the Muslims
Crusades
147
Arguments about the use of icons in the church led to the split of the church and these two religious sects
Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

World History & Geography (1 decks)

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