Final Exam 1 Flashcards
Give three detailed facts about the Renaissance
The Renaissance was the rebirth of art and learning, it began because of the Medici family, and involves moving away from religious and flat artwork to realistic art with perspective and many other changes
Give 3 detailed facts about the Aztecs
The Aztecs were located in the valley of Mexico, the capital of the Aztecs was Tenochtitlán, everyday the Aztecs made a sacrifice to the gods so that the sun would come up and everyone gave their blood
Give 3 detailed facts about Martin Luther
He posted a total of 95 theses on the door of the castle church which begin the Protestant Reformation, his followers were known as the lutherans, and he believed that you can gain salvation through faith in God, all church teachings should come directly from the Bible, and all people of faith are equal
Give three detailed facts about the treatment of Native Americans
The Dutch and the french were kind to the natives and treated them well, the Dutch and French traded with natives a lot, and the Spanish and English made them slaves and took their land
Give three detailed facts about triangular trade
The Americas sent raw goods such as fruits and vegetables to Europe, Europe sent manufactured goods such as rum and sugar to Africa, and Africa sent slaves to the Americas in order to keep the process going
Give three reasons for European exploration
The Europeans wanted three things to come out of exploring: God— they wanted to spread religion to other parts of the world, Glory— they wanted to be recognized and remembered for doing something great, and gold— they wanted to be rich
Give three details facts about Suleyman the lawgiver
He was a very successful ruler of the Ottoman Empire, he allowed religious freedom throughout the empire, he chose his third, most incompetent son to inherit the throne after he killed his first son and exiled the second
Give free facts about the African society you studied during chapter 15
Some groups were patrilineal and others were matrilineal, men mostly hunted and women did household chores and gathered food, they lived with many other family members in one home
Who conquered the Aztec empire?
Hernando Cortes
Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than the Native Americans?
Africans were strangers in the Americas, so it wouldn’t have allies or places to hide
Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?
An island in the Caribbean Sea
What did the encomienda system provide for new Spain?
Cheap labor
As part of the Columbian exchange, what was carried west across the Atlantic?
Disease and livestock
Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th-century sailing innovations?
Portugal
During the 1500s, what was China’s official trade policy?
Only the government was allowed to trade with foreign countries
Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias
What did Hongwu do first to help China to become a dominant power?
He overthrew the Mongols and establish the Ming Dynasty
What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?
Art and learning
The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subject?
Human potential and achievements
For what is the Medici family famous?
For being rulers and supporters of the arts
What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
The Bible
In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance men?
He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist
What did Suleyman the lawgiver support?
Government Reform and cultural achievements
What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?
Predestination
What were the common crops grown in the Americas prior to European interaction?
Maize and cacao
What are common beliefs among Native American tribes prior to European interaction?
Polytheism
What was the line of succession after Henry VIII died?
Edward, Elizabeth, Mary
What title did the Ottoman leaders take?
Sultan
Which continents did the Ottoman Empire stretch to at its greatest extent?
Europe and Asia
How did millets play a role and Ottoman society?
They were small communities in which people of other religions were able to freely practice their religion for a tax
How did the Chinese show their superiority during the period before isolation?
By sending out large fleets of ships to give away goods and bring back animals and people to kowtow
Who was the first Europeans crew to travel all the way around the world?
Magellan
What was one result of the loss of natives lives to disease?
A severe shortage of labor in the colonies
How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade?
Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart
What were Europeans main motives for making voyages of expiration?
To grow wealthy and spread Christianity
Why was it Zheng He here important?
He led seven Chinese overseas exploration
What were China’s main reasons for rejecting British offers of trade?
China believed it was self-sufficient and didn’t need outside goods
How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration?
He founded a navigational school on the coast of Portugal and encouraged exploration
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?
To decrease conflict over the claiming of new lands
How are Ghazi’s and janissaries similar?
They were warriors that had been trained and converted to Islam
Why did Shah Jahan ignore his people’s needs?
He was more interested in architecture and his wife
How did Italy’s location help it become the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Italy had access to Roman ruins and ancient manuscripts from Constantinople
What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?
His desire for a male heir
Why did the Puritans and pilgrims come to the New World?
Freedom from religious persecution
Who was Akbar?
He encouraged religious tolerance in the Mughal empire and presided over a great cultural and artistic age
What was devshirme?
Christian boys were taken as slaves, converted to Islam, and turned into warriors and government officials as part of this ottoman policy
Who was Shah Jahan?
He built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife
Timur the lame
This Central Asian conqueror interrupted the growth of the Ottoman Empire
Constantinople
Mehmed the second was able to conquer this Byzantine city using cannons and military strategy
Iroquois
A group of tribes that spoke related languages and formed a political alliance
Hopewell/Mississippian
Famous for building mounds in which they buried their dead
Anasazi
Built pueblos on cliffs in the western portion of the United States
Inca
Located in Peru, used a central government, effective bureaucracy, extensive road system and single language to unite its people
Maya
Located in Central America, they developed an advanced writing system, impressively accurate calendar and no one knows why they declined
Aztec
Located in Mexico, created a large island city, more populated than European cities of the time with religion at the center of life
Hernando Cortes
He and his conquistadors conquered the Aztecs
Christopher Columbus
He landed in the Caribbean and mistakenly believed it to be the East Indies
Vasco da gama
He and his crew were the first Portuguese explorers to reach India after rounding the southern tip of Africa in their ship
Francisco Pizarro
He was responsible for destroying the Incan civilization
