Final Exam 1

Question 1

Why do Americans move west, and what were the effects of that movement?

Answer 1

The belief that it was Americas mision to expand from ocean to ocean spreading democracy and freedom- manifest destinyGold Rush Thousands of Americans head West lured by the idea of becoming instant millionaires
Homestead Act of 1862 - millions of acres were given away free in the west to anyone that would claim land and live for 5 years
groups on the move - Italian immigrants -Irish Immigrants
The Oregon Trail - The only way west by land was via the oregon trail - American experienced a tremendous railroad boom after civil war -rail road boom

Question 2

What was the experience of African Americans in the Jim Crow South?

Answer 2

Jim Crow Laws separated people of color and whites, African American were targeted more (poll taxes made it harder for people of color to vote)

Question 3

How did industrialization change American society?

Answer 3

New industries= New money inventions such as oil, mining, telephone, railroad, dynamite, sewing machines The bessemer process (steal)

Question 4

What were some effects caused by the changes in the work environment during industrialization?

Answer 4

• 12 or more hours a day -six days a week - employees were not entitled to vacation + sick leave + unemployment compensation or reimbursement for injuries

Question 5

How did the move to cities (urbanization) change America?

Answer 5

tenement apartments became things a rundown apartment used to house large numbers of low income families urban problems: sanitation: garbage was often not collected + polluted air + lack of clean water + crime (bribes) + fire

Question 6

How did immigration change in the late 1800s, and what were some effects of that change?

Answer 6

Low chinese wages drove white wages down The U.S. enabled the chinese excluclusion Act of 1882

Question 7

Why was American society given the label the Gilded Age in the 1880s/1890s?

Answer 7

Phrase coined by Mark Twain because America lookes like a shiny red apple but the inside it rotten

Question 8

What problems/issues in America lead to the Progressive movement?

Answer 8

Poor working + living environments
goals were to ease suffering of urban poor + improving unfair and dangerous working conditions + reforming the government at the national, state, and local levels

Question 9

To what extent did the Progressives accomplish what they wanted to do

Answer 9

1901 gave one toilet for every two families which helped outhouses become obsolete in New York slums In the end NY life expectancy was raised
Muckrackers were journalist and urban photographers that exposed people to the trouble of the onforunate in hopes of sparking reform
The Triangle shirtwaist factory

Question 10

How did Progressive Era benefit women?

Answer 10

Florence Kelley helped push the Illisnois legislature to prohibit child labor and to limit women’s working hours

Question 11

What were the main causes of World War I?

Answer 11

Countries made alliences and this lead to war

Question 12

What made WWI different from previous wars?

Answer 12

Germany formed an allence with Austria- hungary + Ottoman Empire (central Powers)
France + Russia formed secret alliances Great Britain joined them
trenchware was new

Question 13

Why did the United States not fight right away, and why did it become involved eventually?

Answer 13

many americans were divided in terms of support due to their cultural heritage wilson kind od decided isolationism

Question 14

How did American society change due to the war?

Answer 14

Lever food and fuel control Act government limited how much food + fuel you could buy
The sedition Act made it illegal for Americans to critisize the government, flag, or military in speech or writing
posters + news stories + speeches + other materials to influence opinion and movies about revolutionary were banned
WIlson created Liberty bonds a form of loan to the government from American people + rationing

Question 15

What were the effects of Prohibition?

Answer 15

Hidden Bars and speak easies became things people would go to drink at helped break racial barriers

Question 16

Understand the rise of racial intolerance and nativism in America during the 1920s?

Answer 16

Flappers helped break racial barriers by helping chapion American JAzz into EUrope and counter culture movement

Question 17

De Facto (North)

Answer 17

Segregation by habit or custom,

Question 18

De Jure (South)

Answer 18

laws that enforce segregation North, white families refused to sell homes to people of color this tension created a wave of racial violence in the summer of 1919 known as the red summer

Question 19

Nativism is

Answer 19

the distrust of foreigners produced a culture clash between the country’s earliest immigrants and its newer ones in the 1920s targets of hatred irish + Scottish (catholic) newer arrivals were Catholics and Jews

Question 20

How did the Harlem Renaissance & the “New Negro” change African-American culture?

Answer 20

The clebration of black art, jazz, literature, that originated in Harlem NY became unofficial cappitol of African AMerican culture

Question 21

How did conditions in the 1920s lead to the Great Depression?

Answer 21

America runs on credit and 80% of Americans have no savings + personal debt limit reached

Question 22

What factors caused the Great Depression?

Answer 22

Buying on margins borrowing money in invest in stocks

Question 23

Important dates from great depression

Answer 23

on thursday october 24,1929 nervous investors began selling their stocks
Black Tuesday, october 29 was the worst day affecting stocks of even solid companies

Question 24

What were the major effects of the Great Depression?

Answer 24

? High unemployment, increased racial violence , farm prices cut in half farms went bankrumpt,

Question 25

How did Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt beliefs in what the role of the government should be in response to the Great Depression differ?

Answer 25

Hoover believed that its not the governments job to fix economy, economy ill fix itself

Question 26

What were the major criticisms of both President Hoover and Roosevelt’s efforts to address the Great Depression?

Answer 26

Hoover not helping individuals hit the hardest, believed in policy known as rugged individualism.core belief the government should not provide direct aid , no unemployment cheeks are example.

Question 27

What was the New Deal? What were the three R’s?

Answer 27

Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Relief: millions of Americans enjoyed some form of help + Direct relief of jobs that provided a steady paycheck
Recovery: FHA (Federal Housing Administration) A lone you get to buy your house
Reform FDIC (gov. program) restored public confidence in the nations banks + social security

Question 28

Relief

Answer 28

: millions of Americans enjoyed some form of help + Direct relief of jobs that provided a steady paycheck

Question 29

Recovery

Answer 29

FHA (Federal Housing Administration) A lone you get to buy your house

Question 30

Reform

Answer 30

FDIC (gov. program) restored public confidence in the nations banks + social security

Question 31

How did the New Deal change the role of government in America?

Answer 31

The New Deal offered some relief but the way was to lowfor people to live comfortably

Question 32

Explain how the United States moved away from neutrality and entered World War II

Answer 32

. Roosevelt hated being neutral he wanted to get involved + U.S. cuts off oil supplies to Japan because of crimes in China - U.S. enter the war due to the lend lease Act (the U.S. will give Great Britain older tanks , warships, and weapons for free

Question 33

Why did the United States pursue imperialist policies?

Answer 33

Nationalism
Social darwinism- one race/culture is superior
Christian missionaries- spread word thru imperialism
White Man’s Burden- it is the job of Americans to fix/ civilize other races (because you’re better)
Trade/resources

Question 34

How did Progressives reformers try to address these problems/issues?

Answer 34

Some reformers known as Muckrakers exposed communities and cities to the issues unfortunate people were going through in homes of change/reform. Antitrust monopolies under attack- wealthy people were targeted by anti-trust laws and prices of businesses were lowered.

Question 35

How were Progressive presidents different from previous presidents?

Answer 35

Teddy Roosevelt saw his presidency as bully pulpit or a platform to publicize important issues and seek support. He also strived to contribute to the environment by creating U.S. forest services and national park services. He also created the square deal which gave coal miners higher wages and contributed to the uprising of the economy.
William Taft supported lots of progressive ideas and achieved of lot. He created a labor department to enforce labor laws and anti-trust laws. He also created the 16th amendment which created income tax.

Question 36

What was the significance of the Manhattan Project?

Answer 36

Oppenheimer builds the atomic bomb
In Manhattan, NY

Question 37

Why did the United States pursue imperialist policies?

Answer 37

Nationalism
Social darwinism- one race/culture is superior
Christian missionaries- spread word thru imperialism
White Man’s Burden- it is the job of Americans to fix/ civilize other races (because you’re better)
Trade/resources

Question 38

What problems/issues in America lead to the Progressive movement?

Answer 38

Urban poverty
Unfair and dangerous working conditions
The need for government reform

Question 39

FDR’s way to bounce back the country after the depression
What were the three R’s?

Answer 39

Relief: for struggling American
Civilian Conservation Corps: unemployed men 18-25 planted trees
Tennessee Valley Authority: helped build dams along the TN river, which gave jobs and provided electricity
Recovery: for the struggling economy
Agricultural Adjustment Act: helped farmers by paying them not to grow crops, which increased the price of crops
Reform FDIC (gov. program) restored public confidence in the nations banks + social security