Final Documents Flashcards
Spain is compared to sieve.
Silver from Latin America being spent on wars and to buy goods from England.
Incorrectly states that Latin America does not produce goods in farms (they had obrajes, for instance) and that people moved there to extract.
Author: John Campbell
Place: London, England
Date: 1747
Letter in response to the bishop’s criticism that she has been writing love poems.
Learned from books at her home when she was young.
Joined the convent because she did not want to marry.
Had problem with abass who did not let her study books, so she observed the world around her instead.
Author: Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
Place: Mexico City, Mexico
Date: 1691
Addressed to the king and/or viceroy.
Complains about tribute being too heavy, causing people to flee into the woods because of exhaustion.
Say that they are Catholic.
Claim clergy can attest to their situation.
Author: Mayan cabildos
Place: Yucantan, Mexico
Date: 1605
Rules that bring them together as member of the confraternity.
Only people who can be members are black people who can pay a small fee.
Only male Creoles or male Angolans can become officers.
Provide burial and manumission purchase services.
Priest criticizes the fact that black people can serve as treasurers and that the charter says explicitly that the confraternity can buy a person’s freedom without permission from Archibishop.
Author: Members of the confradía
Place: Bahía, Brazil
Date: 1699
Reported to the Inquisition for witchcraft against two men and murder of one of them.
Offended at being called a mulatta, claiming she is a light skinned morisca.
Had children with different men but was unmarried (society did not care much).
Born into slavery (mother was a slave) and freed.
Had relationships with a priest and a local official (society did not care about relationship with priest either).
The fact that the priest left all his property to Beatriz was what upset his family.
Defends herserlf by claiming she is not a witch, but simply beautiful and witty.
Inquisition did not do anything against her.
Author: Beatriz de Padilla (historian recounting her story)
Place: Lagos, Mexico (not
Date: 1650
Plantation owner should not let children live just in the plantation (or they become country bumpkins) and should not them live unsupervised in cities lest they acquire vicious habits.
Plantation owner should live in the plantation to have a hands-on approach.
Sons are the only ones that go to study.
Should marry children as soon as they are old enough.
Slaves are the hand and feet of the plantation owner.
Creole slaves are preferred over bozales.
Mulattoes create uneasiness.
Overseers are the arms of the plantation owner.
Can punish slaves but do not kill them as they are an investment.
Chaplain is essential as he brings religion to the plantation owner’s family and slaves.
Author: João Antonio Andreoni (jesuit priest)
Place: Bahía, Brazil
Date: Second half of 17th century
Addressed to the governor of Buenos Aires.
Complains about the order to abandon their mission.
King is a representative of Christianity.
Said they converted willingly.
Refers to priests as if they are not the same as other regular Spanish.
Priests never told them they had to move.
Cultivate hierba mate and raise cattle in mission to be prosperous.
Moving out of mission would cast them into poverty, make them go back to previous lifestyle, and is not what God would want.
Author: Nicolás Ñenguirú (corregidor)
Place: La Concepción, Paraguay
Date: 1753
White people: creole vs chapetones (peninsulars), land owners and merchants.
Lots of mixing since this is a port city.
As long as you look Spanish, you are treated like so.
Many labels created to differentiate between different mixtures.
Slaves divided into creoles and bozales.
Black people are portrayed as savages.
Does not talk much about indigenous people (caribbean coastline does not have many left).
Author: Jorge Juan and Antonio Ullua
Place: Cartagena, Colombia
Date: 1740s
First document:
Regulates labor system (minimum wage, payment in coins, masters cannot keep servants through debt peonage).
Everybody should be working.
Second document:
Responds to creoles that complain about being replaced by peninsulares.
Says they are reserving spots for creoles when in reality they are reducing the availability of spots in administrative positions.
Author: José de Gálvez
Place: Spain
Date: 1769, and 1778
Many people in the expeditions: 58 slaves, musicians, chaplain, surgeon, etc.
Wanted to capture indigenous people and runaway slaves, build infrastructure, civilize people living in the interior, and find gold (entrada).
Soil is described as good for agriculture.
Pamplona is described as a superhero, like in probanzas de merito.
Runaway slaves described as pests.
Author: Scribe of officer Pamplona
Place: Minas Gerais, Brazil
Date: 1769
Juan Santos Atahualpa describes himself as descendant from the Inca and speaks many indigenous languages.
Wants to become king of the area and push out Spanish, but not be independent from the king of Spain per se.
Also sees blacks as having helped in stealing his crown.
Does not want the church to go away, he is Catholic. But says he will have indigenous priests appointed if the ones that exist do not collaborate with him.
The friars decide not to help and run away.
Author: Friar Domingo Garcia
Place: Jauja, Peru
Date: 1742
Establishes Morelos’ idea of the principles of government that Mexico should follow after independence.
Says Catholic religion should be the only one and the Church be at the center of the government.
There should be three separate branches.
Only Americans should hold government posts.
Foreigners should only be allowed to enter the country to instruct others and if they are free of suspicion.
Calls for the abolition of slavery and castas.
Simplify taxes.
Establishes a holiday for the Virgen de Guadalupe.
Author: José Maria Morelos
Place: Chilpancingo, Mexico
Date: 1813
