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Bio 4405 > Final Definitions > Flashcards

Final Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Organism ecology

A

Study of the life history (and behaviour) of an individual and its response o its environment

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2
Q

Succession

A

Directional change in ecosystem structure

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3
Q

Ecosystem ecology

A

Study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment

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4
Q

Landscape ecology

A

Study of the spatial arrangements of ecosystems and how this effects biotic and abiotic components

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5
Q

Population ecology

A

Study of the abundance, distribution productivity and dynamics of a group of individuals of the same species

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6
Q

Community ecology

A

Description and qualification of natural assemblages of different species/populations

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7
Q

Pedogenesis

A

Soil formation

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8
Q

Permafrost

A

Sub-soil that is permanently frozen

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9
Q

Carbon sequestration

A

Carbon returned and stored to the soil system

-usually under permafrost

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10
Q

Chernozem

A

Fertile, block coloured soil with high humus

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11
Q

Cryoturbation

A

Soil movement that arises from frost action

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12
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Species in different areas evolve/ adapt the same morphological traits

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13
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Shallow water closest to the shore

  • light penetrates
  • primary production
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14
Q

Limnetic

A

Further out into the system but just the top half

  • Some light penetrates
  • Some primary production
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15
Q

Benthic

A

Furthest and deepest area

  • no light penetration
  • no primary production
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16
Q

Tobler’s Law

A

Locations closer together are more similar than locations further apart

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17
Q

Eluviation

A

Leaching

-infiltration

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18
Q

Illuviation

A

Accumulation

  • Surface run off
  • Throughflow
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19
Q

Throughflow

A

Water drops off of vegetation to the ground

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20
Q

Stemflow

A

Water running down the stem and then onto the ground

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21
Q

Wilting point

A

Water content when most plants wilt and fail to recover their turgor upon retwetting

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22
Q

Field Capacity

A

Water remaining after free drainage has stopped

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23
Q

Hygroscopic water

A

The thin film of water around individual soil particle and held tightly by the forces of adhesion

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24
Q

Capillary water

A

When water accumulates around the open spaces of the individual particles held together by the forces of cohesion

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25
Gravitational water
When all our space is gone between the soil particles, then we have free flowing water
26
Potential evapotranspiration
The rate of water loss from the free water surface under given weather conditions - depends on temp, pressure and humidity
27
Actual evapotranspiration
The amount of evapotranspiration that actually occurs given water availability
28
Primary Production
The synthesis and storage of organic molecules further the growth and reproduction of autotrophs
29
GPP
The total amount of CO2 that is tied by the plant
30
NPP
Is the net amount of primary production after the costs of plant respiration are included
31
Net ecosystem production
GPP- all R
32
Net ecosystem exchange
The amount of carbon going in and out of the system
33
Carbon use efficiency
Describes the capacity of vegetation to transfer carbon from the atmosphere to terrestrial biomass
34
Green revolution
Technological advances which enabled us to switch from and hunter gatherer society to organized and industrialized agriculture
35
CEC
Cation Exchange capacity | -the degree to which a soil can absorb and exchange cations
36
N mineralization
How much N is being liberated from tissues through the process of decomposition
37
NUE
Nutrient use efficiency | -A measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients
38
TTE
Trophic transfer efficiency | -The efficiency with which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next
39
Litter
Accumulation of organic matter. | -original structures are still visible
40
Fragmentation
Partly decomposed organic matter | -Some original structures are visible
41
Humus
Really finally decomposed organic material | -structures arent visible
42
Soil carbon Sequestration
The net movement of atmospheric CO2 into stores SOC
43
Donor Controlled
Basal resources are a living organisms so it can respond to consumption effects
44
Body size spectra
Inverse relationship between body size and abundance as you go up and down trophic levels`
45
Indeterminacy
cannot predict the effects of changes in the abundance of one species on another member of the food web
46
Allochthonous
Inputs coming from outside of the system
47
Autochthonous
Inputs coming from within the system
48
Spatial ecology
The identification of spatial patterns and their relationships to ecological phenomena
49
Grain
The size of the individual units of observation
50
Extent
Total area encompassed
51
MODIS
Moderate resolution inputs spectrometer | -satellite
52
PCNM
Principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices | -measures how similar 2 locations are
53
Patch-Matrix framework
Component of patches corridor and the surrounding matrix which is the dominant component in the landscape
54
SAD
Species abundance distribution | -High proportion of species with only one individual
55
Sampling effect
A greater chance of including a species of greatest inherent productivity in a plot that is more diverse
56
Complement
Plant species coexistence is thought to be the result o niche partitioning or differences in resource requirements among species
57
Facilitation
Mechanisms whereby certain specie help or allow other species to grow by modifying the environment in a way that is favourable to a co-occuring species
58
CAS
Complex adaptive systems | -System is always changing but the emergent properties is always the same
59
Alternative stable states
Systems exist in different configurations represent different equilibrium states
60
Regime shift
a change form one systems state to another
61
Tipping point
The critical threshold at which a system undergoes a regime shift
62
Basin attraction
A state in which the system tends to remain

Bio 4405 (3 decks)

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