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Bio 4405 > Final Definitions > Flashcards

Final Definitions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Organism ecology

A

Study of the life history (and behaviour) of an individual and its response o its environment

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2
Q

Succession

A

Directional change in ecosystem structure

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3
Q

Ecosystem ecology

A

Study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment

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4
Q

Landscape ecology

A

Study of the spatial arrangements of ecosystems and how this effects biotic and abiotic components

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5
Q

Population ecology

A

Study of the abundance, distribution productivity and dynamics of a group of individuals of the same species

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6
Q

Community ecology

A

Description and qualification of natural assemblages of different species/populations

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7
Q

Pedogenesis

A

Soil formation

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8
Q

Permafrost

A

Sub-soil that is permanently frozen

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9
Q

Carbon sequestration

A

Carbon returned and stored to the soil system

-usually under permafrost

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10
Q

Chernozem

A

Fertile, block coloured soil with high humus

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11
Q

Cryoturbation

A

Soil movement that arises from frost action

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12
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Species in different areas evolve/ adapt the same morphological traits

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13
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Shallow water closest to the shore

  • light penetrates
  • primary production
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14
Q

Limnetic

A

Further out into the system but just the top half

  • Some light penetrates
  • Some primary production
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15
Q

Benthic

A

Furthest and deepest area

  • no light penetration
  • no primary production
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16
Q

Tobler’s Law

A

Locations closer together are more similar than locations further apart

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17
Q

Eluviation

A

Leaching

-infiltration

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18
Q

Illuviation

A

Accumulation

  • Surface run off
  • Throughflow
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19
Q

Throughflow

A

Water drops off of vegetation to the ground

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20
Q

Stemflow

A

Water running down the stem and then onto the ground

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21
Q

Wilting point

A

Water content when most plants wilt and fail to recover their turgor upon retwetting

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22
Q

Field Capacity

A

Water remaining after free drainage has stopped

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23
Q

Hygroscopic water

A

The thin film of water around individual soil particle and held tightly by the forces of adhesion

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24
Q

Capillary water

A

When water accumulates around the open spaces of the individual particles held together by the forces of cohesion

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25
Q

Gravitational water

A

When all our space is gone between the soil particles, then we have free flowing water

26
Q

Potential evapotranspiration

A

The rate of water loss from the free water surface under given weather conditions
- depends on temp, pressure and humidity

27
Q

Actual evapotranspiration

A

The amount of evapotranspiration that actually occurs given water availability

28
Q

Primary Production

A

The synthesis and storage of organic molecules further the growth and reproduction of autotrophs

29
Q

GPP

A

The total amount of CO2 that is tied by the plant

30
Q

NPP

A

Is the net amount of primary production after the costs of plant respiration are included

31
Q

Net ecosystem production

A

GPP- all R

32
Q

Net ecosystem exchange

A

The amount of carbon going in and out of the system

33
Q

Carbon use efficiency

A

Describes the capacity of vegetation to transfer carbon from the atmosphere to terrestrial biomass

34
Q

Green revolution

A

Technological advances which enabled us to switch from and hunter gatherer society to organized and industrialized agriculture

35
Q

CEC

A

Cation Exchange capacity

-the degree to which a soil can absorb and exchange cations

36
Q

N mineralization

A

How much N is being liberated from tissues through the process of decomposition

37
Q

NUE

A

Nutrient use efficiency

-A measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients

38
Q

TTE

A

Trophic transfer efficiency

-The efficiency with which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

39
Q

Litter

A

Accumulation of organic matter.

-original structures are still visible

40
Q

Fragmentation

A

Partly decomposed organic matter

-Some original structures are visible

41
Q

Humus

A

Really finally decomposed organic material

-structures arent visible

42
Q

Soil carbon Sequestration

A

The net movement of atmospheric CO2 into stores SOC

43
Q

Donor Controlled

A

Basal resources are a living organisms so it can respond to consumption effects

44
Q

Body size spectra

A

Inverse relationship between body size and abundance as you go up and down trophic levels`

45
Q

Indeterminacy

A

cannot predict the effects of changes in the abundance of one species on another member of the food web

46
Q

Allochthonous

A

Inputs coming from outside of the system

47
Q

Autochthonous

A

Inputs coming from within the system

48
Q

Spatial ecology

A

The identification of spatial patterns and their relationships to ecological phenomena

49
Q

Grain

A

The size of the individual units of observation

50
Q

Extent

A

Total area encompassed

51
Q

MODIS

A

Moderate resolution inputs spectrometer

-satellite

52
Q

PCNM

A

Principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices

-measures how similar 2 locations are

53
Q

Patch-Matrix framework

A

Component of patches corridor and the surrounding matrix which is the dominant component in the landscape

54
Q

SAD

A

Species abundance distribution

-High proportion of species with only one individual

55
Q

Sampling effect

A

A greater chance of including a species of greatest inherent productivity in a plot that is more diverse

56
Q

Complement

A

Plant species coexistence is thought to be the result o niche partitioning or differences in resource requirements among species

57
Q

Facilitation

A

Mechanisms whereby certain specie help or allow other species to grow by modifying the environment in a way that is favourable to a co-occuring species

58
Q

CAS

A

Complex adaptive systems

-System is always changing but the emergent properties is always the same

59
Q

Alternative stable states

A

Systems exist in different configurations represent different equilibrium states

60
Q

Regime shift

A

a change form one systems state to another

61
Q

Tipping point

A

The critical threshold at which a system undergoes a regime shift

62
Q

Basin attraction

A

A state in which the system tends to remain

Bio 4405 (3 decks)

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