Final Definitions

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

A substance that cannot be broken down any more.

Question 2

Essential Fatty Acid

Answer 2

An unsaturated fatty acid that an animal need but cannot make.

Question 3

Mole(as used in Chemistry)

Answer 3

Unit of measurement, 8.02x10^23

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

A molecule consisting of different monomers

Question 5

Science

Answer 5

Knowledge of the natural world obtained by study and experience

Question 6

Taxonomy

Answer 6

The science of naming and classifying organisms

Question 7

Genomics

Answer 7

The study go the whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species, as well as the genome comparisons between species

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

The linkage together of atoms or molecules within a single substance often due to hydrogen bonding

Question 9

Artifacts

Answer 9

Features seen when using the microscope that do not exist in the living cell

Question 10

Plasmodesmata

Answer 10

Open channels through the cell wall that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells

Question 11

Membrane Potential

Answer 11

The difference in voltage across a plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions

Question 12

Ligand

Answer 12

Any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site on another molecule

Question 13

Turgor Pressure

Answer 13

The force directed against a plant cell wall after a influx of water and swelling of the cell due to osmosis

Question 14

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 14

The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site.

Question 15

Genome

Answer 15

The genetic material of an organism or virus

Question 16

Bacteriophage(phage)

Answer 16

A virus that infects bacteria

Question 17

Metastasis

Answer 17

The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site

Question 18

Gamete

Answer 18

A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or a sperm

Question 19

Zygote

Answer 19

The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg

Question 20

Helices

Answer 20

An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available to template strands

Question 21

Topolsomerase

Answer 21

A protein that breaks, swivels, and rejoins DNA strands

Question 22

Heterozygous

Answer 22

Having two different alleles

Question 23

Wild type

Answer 23

The phenotype most commonly observed in the natural populations

Question 24

DNA Polymerase

Answer 24

Am enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing chain

Question 25

Promoter

Answer 25

A specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to tart transcribing RNA at the appropriate place

Question 26

Oncogene

Answer 26

A gene that is involved in triggering molecular events that can leas to cancer

Question 27

Palaeontology

Answer 27

The scientific study of fossils

Question 28

Homology

Answer 28

The similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry

Question 29

Capsid

Answer 29

The protein shell that encloses a viral genome

Question 30

Pangaea

Answer 30

The supercontinent that formed near the need go the Paleozoic era

Question 31

Microevolution

Answer 31

Evolution of a species over time

Question 32

Cline

Answer 32

A graded change on character along a geographical axis

Question 33

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 33

In the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by relatively brief periods of sudden change

Question 34

Heterochrony

Answer 34

Change in the timing or rate of an organism’s development

Question 35

Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 35

The therapy that mitochondria and plastids including chloroplasts, originated in a prokaryotic cell engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The two cells became one organism