Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Training 2nd year > Final Deck > Flashcards

Final Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Define animal training

A

The process of making desired behaviors more likely to occur and undesired behaviors less likely to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Classical conditioning

A

Pavlov
Reflex training (dog and bell)
Works with stimulus and response
Passive choice unconscious decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define operant conditioning

A

Behavior is determined by experience
Active choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an unconditioned reinforcer

A

Anything an animal finds inherently rewarding
You know something is a reinforcer when it makes a behavior more likely to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an unconditioned punisher

A

Anything the animal finds inherently punishing
You know it’s punishing when it makes a behavior less likely to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a conditioned reinforcer

A

Any stimulus that becomes reinforcing through association with a primary reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus that pinpoints the precise moment of a desired response

A

The bridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give three examples of primary reinforcers

A

Food
Water
Shelter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a trained cue

A

A signal which will elicit a specific behavior or reflex as a result of a learned association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you know an animal understands a cue

A

Behavior occurs only when the SD is present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four types of Intermittent reinforcement schedules

A
  1. Fixed Interval
  2. Fixed Ratio
  3. Variable Interval
  4. Variable Ratio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Differentiate between a time out and an LRS

A

LRS- no response followed by the opportunity to earn more reinforcement
Time out- Removes the opportunity to earn more reinforcement in a set time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is differential reinforcement

A

Using different reinforcement (magnitude, type, value) to mark desired behaviors
Adjusting reinforcement based on animals performance of behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is DRO

A

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior
Decrease occurrence of one behavior by reinforcing the occurrence of other behaviors (not necessarily incompatible, just less likely)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is DRI

A

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior
Decrease occurrence of one behavior by reinforcing the occurrence of another behavior that cannot occur at the same time as the undesired behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is DRL

A

Differential Reinforcement of Low Intensity Behavior
Decrease high activity/sensitized behavior by reinforcing low activity/calm behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do fixed or variable patterns create a more stable response rate

A

Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define habituation

A

Habituation is the waning of a response as a result of repeated stimulation which is not followed by any kind of reinforcement
When seeing a stimulus has no punishing or reinforcing value, the stimulus is driven a neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define dishabituation

A

Recovery of the habituated response as a result of strong extraneous stimulus
(animal is driven towards a punishing or reinforcing value away from a previously neutral response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an innovation session

A

Reinforce the animal for doing anything new.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the model/rival technique

A

Developed by Irene Pepperberg, was used to train Alex the parrot for complex tasks (a human acted as the model with Alex as the rival)
Can be multiple, passive, or active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a motivating operation

A

Antecedent that alters the effectiveness of reinforcement and rates of responses that have produced that reinforcer previously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does trust relate to training

A

Set rules of the game and follow predictably
Approximations are consistent with rules previously set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do we provide control

A

Consistency in training game rules and ensuring animals are an operant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do we provide choice

A

Give the animal the choice to participate or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Are errors necessary to learn

A

If there is error, it is always the trainer’s fault and not the animal. And it is not necessary for learning to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some reasons for aggression

A

Reactive response to a situation
Natural predatory response
Innate, hormonal, hierarchal
Frustration induced, stressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some precursors to aggression

A

Body posture, hair, eyes, vocalizations
Self protection- submissive displays and bite inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why might a trainer ignore precursors to aggression

A

Doesn’t seem serious enough
Doesn’t recognize them
Effects of ignoring precursors- animals stops giving them, quick to aggression without signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How to deal with aggression

A

Stay calm, remove from situation
Evaluate what is reinforcing and instigating aggression and remove
Remove opportunities to repeat aggression
Listen to precursors
Put aggressive behavior on cue/incompatible

31
Q

What is a keep going signal

A

Any signal that specifically indicated an animal that it has done well but shouldn’t stop or return to station. Useful for long duration behaviors. Typically repeated cue or separate bridge.

32
Q

What is an end of session signal

A

Cue that signals a training session has ended. Can indicate when an animal is in session versus not.
May cause aggression or punish an animal who does not want to end session.

33
Q

How to train when the dominant group animal prevents subordinates from training

A

Widely-spaced stations & multiple trainers
Distance reduces chance of
dominant animal leaving station
Reinforce dominant animal for
allowing subordinate animal to
take food
Gradually move stations closer

34
Q

What should you keep in mind as a single trainer training a whole group of animals

A

Clear standards of when an animal is working vs not
Fair opportunities provided to all individuals
Opportunities for reinforcement in all scenarios

35
Q

True or False: Not participating when asked is a behavior

A

True

36
Q

What are some reasons to train in groups

A

Reduce aggression, manage the group. For shows and outreach, ability to separate individuals from the ground and work with/around other animals. Also medical and husbandry.

37
Q

In what circumstances can animals housed in a group be trained

A

while within/group
worked individually
temporarily separated for shifting, crating
fully separated, removed from exhibit entirely

38
Q

What are some conflicts that may occur when training voluntary separation of an individual from a group

A

Animals don’t want to stay behind
Animal doesn’t want to leave group
Animal doesn’t want to return to the cage

39
Q

How would you go about training voluntary temporary separation

A

Train temporary separation within enclosure with stations or crates. Reinforce both. Approximate leaving. Should be just as reinforcing to stay as it is to leave.

40
Q

Define the Clever Hans effect aka the Observer-expectancy effect

A

You know the answer and unintentionally cue the animal

41
Q

How do you fix the observer-expectancy effect

A

Make your test double blind
Ensure that person working animal does not know the right answer
Or remove all people

42
Q

T or F: Depending on how an animal has been reinforced, they may learn to answer differently

A

True. Example: Dogs behave differently in response to attentional state of the owner

43
Q

If a pigeon was tasked with choosing a matching color, and were either continuously reinforced or intermittently reinforced, which reinforcement schedule would result in the pigeons being the most discriminative between shades of blue.

A

Continuous- pigeons reported shades of blue were different
Intermittent- pigeons were categorical and reported all shades of blue were the same

44
Q

Define the Go-No Go technique

A

Take action when perceive stimuli, do nothing if not

45
Q

T or F: You can achieve training goals without the animal perceiving you/needing a relationship with you

A

True

46
Q

Define semi-protected contact

A

Training with partial barriers, but animal still has access to trainer

47
Q

What are some cons to being free contact with elephants

A

Dangerous due to large size, hormonal changes, males musth, and females with their young

48
Q

What were the traditional training techniques for elephants

A

Using an elephant hook (ankus) to direct or cue the elephant using negative reinforcement/positive punishment. Elephant moves away from the pressure.

49
Q

What are the steps of target training

A

Desensitize target
Touch target to animal, bridge, and feed. Hold target close. When animal moves into the target, bridge and feed. Approximate the distance. Build follow.

50
Q

What were the results of working semi/protected contact with elephants

A

Ability to work safely
Functional with staff turnover
Improved public views
Change in industry philosophy
Decreased aggression
Costly
Less control group behavior

51
Q

Define sensitization

A

Increase of response to stimulus due to increase neurological response. Created by novelty effect or experience driving value away from neutral.

52
Q

What is extinction

A

When reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued.

53
Q

T or F: Extinction and forgetting a behavior are the same thing

A

False. Forgetting is a decline in conditioned response due to lack of use or prolonged absence of experience. Extinction is a decline in conditioned response due to lack of reinforcement

54
Q

What is an extinction burst

A

Increase in frequency, intensity and/or variability of response. With continued lack of reinforcement, response declines. With occasional reinforcement, can strengthen behavior

55
Q

Extinction will be more robust with

A

Increased experience/ repetition
Exposure over time (spaced out vs all at once)
Multiple context vs context

56
Q

Will a continuous or intermittent reinforcement schedule cause extinction to occur more quickly

A

Continuous. Also causes more frustration.

57
Q

What is the overtraining extinction effect

A

More training with continuous reinforcement makes behavior less resistant to extinction

58
Q

What is the partial reinforcement extinction effect

A

Training with intermittent reinforcement makes behavior more resistant to extinction.

59
Q

Why does the intermittent reinforcement schedule cause less frustration in an animal when extinguishing a behavior

A

Intermittent schedule trains approximations to accept frustration
The animals learning to respond even when they expect not to be reinforced

60
Q

Fill in the blank:
Temporal ‘breaks’ between extinction and re-cueing behavior lead to an ___________ in offering
behavior

A

increase

61
Q

T or F: Extinction is highly context specific

A

True. Context clarifies significance of a stimulus when experience
mixed (reinforced or extinction)

62
Q

Define restoration

A

Return to extinction by re-creating context cues during extinction

63
Q

Define reinstatement

A

Re-exposure to the US creates an increase in behavior
Relies on ‘chance’ exposure and reinforcing experience

64
Q

Define resurgence

A

Extinction of another response leads to increase in extinct behavior
▪ Train behavior A, then extinguish
▪ Train behavior B, then extinguish
▪ See increase in offering behavior A
BUT extinction of multiple stimuli increases strength for both

65
Q

Differentiate between habituation and counter-conditioning

A

Habituation is a passive,
experiential process
Counter-conditioning is an
active, reinforcement process

66
Q

T or F: Habituation is neurologically based

A

True

67
Q

Define Sensory adaptation

A

Decrease in physiological
response due to sense organ
temporary failure
-Generalized to any stimulus
impacting that sense organ
-Example: Temporary threshold
changes to hearing

68
Q

Name some factors that affect the speed of habituation

A

Frequency of exposure
Duration of exposure
Excitatory condition
Strength of stimulus
Attention
Associations with
stimulus: Prior, Current

69
Q

Define spontaneous recovery

A

Return of response level
to baseline levels
produced by a period of
rest after habituation or
sensitization

70
Q

Will more frequent exposure to
the stimulus result in faster or slower habituation

A

Faster habituation, but shorter retention (short term)

71
Q

Define dishabituation

A

Recovery of the habituated
response as result of strong
extraneous stimulus

72
Q

Give some examples of tactile training

A

Reinforce animal
maintaining a body position
and allowing physical
manipulation of body
 Goal behavior specific to
species
 Generalize to allow anyone
to touch (ie vet staff)
 Layout/positions
 Modelling technique

73
Q

What is a discrete cue

A

Stimulus presented for limited times with clear beginning/end
Salient to animal

Animal Training 2nd year (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions