Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Care and Handling > Final Deck > Flashcards

Final Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What is behavioral enrichment

A

Provision of enrichment stimuli that increased opportunities for species-typical behaviors with the intention of enhancing animals’ physical and psychological well being.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 Pioneers of behavioral enrichment

A

1900- Carl Hagenbeck- father of the modern zoo, enclosures without bars
1876-1956- Robert Mearns Yerkes worked with chimps and apes, wrote about the importance of enrichment for primates in captivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 MORE pioneers of behavioral enrichment

A

1950- Dr. Heini Hediger- father of zoo biology, psychological needs, mentally, physically, and socially. Healthy and humans responsibilities
1980 Hal Markowitz- expanding the way we think about enrichment, giving animals’ choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Goals of behavioral enrichment

A

Provide choice
Encourages problem solving
Encourages investigating
Species-appropriate behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of enrichment

A

Enhance animal welfare
Enhance guest experience
Enhance job satisfaction of staff
Education
Conservation, breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Steps to providing behavioral enrichment

A

Determine the goal
Research/plan
Implement
Document
Evaluate and readjust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Research of the animal when creating behavioral enrichment should include

A

Does this animal hunt or passively find food
Where is it on the food chain
Carn, Herb, Omni
Social or solitary
Habitat
Which senses does it use
What have other people done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Safety research for enrichment should include

A

Is it safe
Can it break glass or other things
Can it help with escape
Can it be used as a weapon
Can animal become entangled
Impaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A behavioral enrichment program should

A

Be goal orientated
Self sustaining/staff
Be integrated into daily management
Based on science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you know if BE is successful

A

Reduced abnormal behavior
Increased activity
More exploration
Less aggression
More play
Less fear
More natural behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Categories of enrichment

A

Physical environment
Social environment
Food
Senses
Training/ human interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tips for physical environment enrichment

A

Use the vertical space
Carns and primates most likely to investigate novel items
Herbivores less likely to explore
Males more than females
Young more than old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tips for social environment enrichment

A

Groups
Mixed species
Near others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Food types

A

Diet
Novelty
Variety
Treats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What to think about when providing food delivery enrichment

A

Frequency
Presentation:
Hidden, whole food, dispersed, live food, time released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Senses–> olfactory

A

Scents
feces
urine
spices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Senses–> audio

A

Novel sounds
Sounds of same/different species
Music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Senses- tactile

A

Texture
Manipulable object
Novelty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Potential enrichment problems

A

Frusteration
Dangerous for the animal
Competition
Safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enrichment tips

A

Research natural history
Know the individual
Money
Keep it unpredictable
Don’t rely on one type
Safety
Consider vet and nutritional issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Definition of restraint

A

Restricted movement
Can range from minimal to complete immobilization
Varies with the desired objective
Why must this animal be restrained
Physical vs chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Goal of good restraint

A

Minimal amount of restraint consistent with accomplishing the task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Needs for restraint

A

Medical
Emergencies
Moving animals
Husbandry
ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Things to consider about restraint

A

Environment
Behavior
Hierarchy
Health status
Territoriality
Time of day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Tools of restraint according to Fowler

A

Psychological
Diminishing sense perceptions
Confinement
Extension of arms
Physical barriers
Physical force
Chemical restraint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Restraint equipment

A

Gloves
Acrylic tubes
Blindfolds/hoods
Squeeze cage
Chutes
Snare poles
Boards
Towels
Rope
Corrals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Humane considerations when restraining an animal

A

Pain
Will the procedure result in the greatest good for the animal
Emotional or psychological impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Things to consider when planning a restraint

A

Who is responsible
Do all parties know their roles
No substitute for experience and confidence or training
Provide equipment and facilities necessary for the procedure
Time
Follow through with observation until animal is back to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Potential problems when restraining an animal

A

Escape routes
Defense reactions
Stress
Animal trauma (overheating, drowning, injury)
Human trauma
Capture myopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

4 questions to ask when restraining an animal

A
  1. Is it safe for the people
  2. Is it safe for the animal
  3. Will the suggested restraint be enough to accomplish the procedure (greatest gain with least risk)
  4. Can observation post restraint be ensured
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ways to minimize restraint/ make it less stressful

A

Training or de-sensitization
Proper facilities
Wait until proper resources are present
Be wary of escape potential
Be creative
Know the tricks of the species/ their self defense weapons
Listen to the keepers

32
Q

What is QOL

A

Quality of life cannot be equated with physical health, mental state, or well-being, but is multidimensional concept involving an individual’s perception of these and other aspects of life
(An objective way to assess an individual’s condition)

33
Q

According to the WHO, what are the six broad domains of experience involved in determining a person’s quality of life

A
  1. Physical
  2. Psychological
  3. Level of independence
  4. Social relationships
  5. Environment
  6. Spiritual
34
Q

When do we use QOL

A

When an animal has a chronic condition, medical or behavioral

35
Q

How do we determine QOL

A

Baseline data
Lots of observation
Data interpretation

36
Q

Descriptions of grief

A

A normal, painful, natural, and temporary reaction to a loss
Can involve many intense feelings
Not everyone experiences all of these

37
Q

Define anticipatory grief AKA pre-grief

A

Grief experienced as an individual is nearing the end
Can be when considering euthanasia

38
Q

Degrees of grief

A

Each time is different or unique
We might feel sad without deep pain
Sometimes feels like your heart is ripped out

39
Q

Stages of grief

A

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

40
Q

What do we need to remember as animal care professionals when considering grief

A

We live longer than most of the animals we love and care for
We will lose them to death or transfer
These animals are not our pets
You may not agree with the decisions the facility makes
You still have other animals to care for during your shift

41
Q

Reactions to grief

A

Be kind to yourself and others, both human and animal
Some seem unaffected or very deeply affected
Some want to talk through it, others avoid it
Some grieve deeply within, but not visibly
Try not to judge or change it

42
Q

Coping mechanisms for grief

A

Keep yourself strong and well both physically and mentally
Keep balanced- eat right, exercise, mindfulness
Traditions can bring stability (turnovers)
Don’t let yourself wear down

43
Q

How to help others to cope with grief

A

Don’t tell them how to feel
Be a good listener
Resist the temptation to try and fix it
Share memories
Don’t feel rejected if they don’t want you there

44
Q

What is job burnout

A

Burnout is used to describe a state of mental weariness
Exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficiency or effectiveness

45
Q

Why do zookeepers burnout

A

Job demands
Not achieving goals
Lack stimulating personal growth/development
Environmental stressors
Social stressors
Financial stressors

46
Q

How can you keep yourself from burning out

A

Become part of the community of professionals
Find a mentor
Revisit why you are in the profession

47
Q

Symptoms of burnout

A

Low energy or fatigue
Frequent illness
Headaches
Change in sleep patterns
Disengagement, detachment
Frustration
Helplessness
Hopelessness/ loss of motivation

48
Q

Why do we use identification

A

Large groups
Similar animals
New keepers
Better welfare

49
Q

Ideal methods of ID would be

A

Permanent
Inexpensive
Legible at a distance
Humane
Inconspicuous to the public
Fast and easy to use

50
Q

Types of ID

A

Natural markings
Bands
Tags
Ear notchings
Tattoos
Collars
Transponders or microchips
Branding (hot and cold)
Digit clipping
Dyed, painted, or shaved hair-not permanent
Chalk

51
Q

Pros and Cons of bands

A

Pros- colors are easier to read, unobtrusive
Cons- numbers difficult to read, can be lost, possible construction

52
Q

Pros and Cons of tags

A

Pros- Readily available, easy to use, inexpensive
Cons- numbers wear off, constriction, tags can be a portal entry for infection

53
Q

Pros and Cons of ear notching

A

Pros- easy and inexpensive
Cons- easily seen by guest, objection on humane grounds, in adults can lead to excessive bleeding

54
Q

Pros and Cons of tattoos

A

Pros- almost infinite combo of letters and numbers
Cons- can fade, animal must be handled to read

55
Q

Pros and Cons of collars

A

Pros- can be colored or numbered, humane, can attach telemetry, inexpensive
Cons- obtrusive, can become tangled, other animals may be attracted to it

56
Q

Pros and cons of transponders/microchips

A

Pros- can be placed IM or sub cue, universal readers
Cons- Not all brands were compatible, cost, not legible from a distance, reading range varies, chip can slip

57
Q

Attributes of African elephants

A

Has 2 sub-species
Largest land mammal
Bigger ears
Male and female have tusks
Trunk has 2 finger-like projections
Has 4 toenails on each forefoot

58
Q

Attributes of Asian elephants

A

Has 4 sub-species
2nd largest land mammal
Only male has large tusks while female has “tushes”
Trunk has 1 finger-like projection
Has 5 toenails on each forefoot

59
Q

What is the zoo environment (housing) for elephants

A

AZA requires facilities have separate enclosures for males
In N. America, each facility is required to have indoor housing
Indoor and outdoor requirements
Appropriate staffing (min of 2 people at all times)
Protected contact

60
Q

Describe free contact with elephants

A

Keeper interacts with elephants without a barrier
Keeper usually carries a guide
Requires additional training and skill for the keeper
Free contact used to be the accepted management style
Resulted in keeper injury and death
Complaints of abuse
Some feel it is hierarchy based

61
Q

Describe protective contact with elephants

A

Keeper works with elephants through or from behind barrier
Physical contact is restricted to specific locations
No guide used

62
Q

Basic behaviors for elephants

A

Foot care
Ear/eye/mouth presentation
Trunk wash
ERD
Shift
Blood draw (from where)

63
Q

What do you need to be an elephant keeper

A

Ability to communicate with others
Working knowledge of operant conditioning
Excellent problem solving skills
Ability to education
Ability and willingness to work hard

64
Q

What is a marine mammal

A

Lives part of their lives in salt water, has mammal characteristics

65
Q

Three pinnipeds that are most commonly found in zoos or aquariums (Pinniped means fin-footed)

A
  1. Phocidae (seals)- harbor seal and gray seal
  2. Otariidae (sea lions, fur seals)- calf sea lion, patagonian sea lion, steller seal lion, Australian seal lion, S. American fur seal, S. Africa fur seal
  3. Obodenidae (walrus)
66
Q

What species are included in family Odontoceti (toothed whale or dolphin)

A

Bottlenose dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Pilot whale
Orca
Beluga
Commersons dolphin
Harbor porpoises

67
Q

What species are included in the family Mysticeti (baleen whales)

A

Blue
Humpback
Grey
Fin
Right whales

68
Q

What species are included in the family Sirenia

A

Manatee and dugong

69
Q

Describe the pinniped: seals

A

Use front flippers to crawl on land
No external ear
Tend to have spots, rings or patches in fur that vary in color
Swims using hind flippers

70
Q

Describe the pinniped: sea lions

A

Can use front flippers to support weight
Rotate hind flippers for walking
Have external ears
Mostly brown or grey in color
Swims using front flippers

71
Q

Describe the walrus

A

Front flippers support weight
Can rotate hind flippers
Have tusks
Have very little hair in comparison
Whiskers are thicker
Use both sets of flippers for swimming
Males and females have tusks

72
Q

Requirements for pinniped enclosures

A

Haul out area
Rounded ends instead of corners
Shallow area and sloped entrance and exit from pool
Separate pools for maternity, sick, or separating social group
Size requirements
Consider: fresh water, natural water temps, shade, manatees need heated water

73
Q

Tips on Food and water for pinnipeds

A

Variety is best
Amounts
Feeding times
Fresh as possible
Frozen IQF vs block
Thaw 24 hours
Vitamins
Water

74
Q

Common equipment for marine mammals

A

Scale
Squeeze cage
Lift platform/floor
Stretcher training
Nets

75
Q

Training and enrichment of marine mammals

A

Target
Tactile
Blood draw
Husbandry
Crate or stretcher training
Enrichment/toys
Training is enrichment
Repetitive is boring

Animal Care and Handling (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions