Final-Crime and deviance Flashcards
Behaviors that violate social norms
Deviance
Expectations for behavior
Norms
Norms about customs, traditions, and etiquette
Folkways
Seriously protected norms that reflect the morals and values of a social group.
Mores
Most seriously protected norms; codified and require specific enforcements
Laws
Ways societies try to influence members’ behavior to maintain social order.
Social Control
Overheated, short-lived periods of intense social concern about an issue.
Moral panic
People who try to influence societies toward increased awareness of and concern over the violation of social norms.
Moral entrepreneurs
Functionalist theories of deviance.
focus primarily on the social purposes of deviance. They seek to understand why people engage in deviance.
Conflict theories of deviance
focus primarily upon power relations in society, and the ways in which the powerful understand deviance in ways thatbenefit themselves. They seek to understand how norms, rules, and laws are created and shaped through processes of social, political, and economic power.
true or false: deviance can solve problems through innovation.
true
Degree to which we identify with and maintain social rules and connections.
Social Cohesion
Asocial lack of morals for behavior that lead to deviance
anomie
Strain theory
Functionalist theory that describes five adaptations to strain: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.
stress that results from anomie, or a lack of morals for behavior
strain
Functionalist theory that describes five adaptations to strain:conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion.
Strain theory
Functionalist theory that says delinquency is a function of convenience and access to delinquent behavior.
Opportunity theory of deviance
Set of shared values, beliefs, and understandings about how the world should be.
Worldview
Type of domination in which the powerful obtain the consent or support of the subordinated
hegemony
Theory that deviance is learned through intimate personal contacts.
Differential association
Theory that claims deviance arises from a weakening of social connections.
Control theory
Theory that deviance is created through reactions to an act.
Labeling Theory
Cesare Lombroso
One of the founders of criminology; scientist who argued that crime is explained by biological abnormalities.
Act that violates the penal code.
Crime
Written laws that govern behavior in a particular jurisdiction.
Penal Code
Violent crimes and property crimes that are more common in public spaces and often involve the police.
Street crime
Crimes like fraud, embezzlement, and other unethical acts or business practices that are typically not carried out on the street or in public spaces and don’t use physical force.
white collar
Person who violates the penal code.
Criminal
Group of people linked together in a specific way.
social network
Connections and attachments to people and institutions in mainstream society.
social bonds
Strategy to reduce crime through the design of buildings and physical space.
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)
Theory of policing that argues that small signs of disorder lead to outbreaks of more serious crimes.
Broken windows policing
