Final(Clover) Flashcards
Which of the following is characteristic of proficient kicking?
a. The kicking leg winds up and the knee extends (straight leg).
b. On the forward kick, the thigh rotates forward and then the knee straightens.
c. Arms move in opposition to the legs.
d. b and c
-On the forward kick, the thigh rotates forward and then the knee straightens.
-Arms move in opposition to the legs.
Very young children’s throws tend to consist of primarily what type of action?
a. foot action
b. trunk action
c. arm action
Arm action
Which of the following is characteristic of proficient overarm throwing?
a. differentiated trunk rotation
b. lag of the upper arm behind rotation of the upper trunk
c. a short step of the foot opposite the throwing arm
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
-lag of the upper arm behind rotation of the upper trunk
-a short step of the foot opposite the throwing arm
Which of the following is the most advanced developmental step in the backswing component of the overarm throw?
a. an upward backswing
b. a circular, downward backswing
c. flexion of the arm at the shoulder and elbow
a circular, downward backswing
Sex differences among children and adolescents have been documented in which body components for overarm throwing?
a. trunk action
b. foot action
c. arm action
d. b and c
e. a and c
Trunk action
Arm action
Sex differences among older adults in overarm throwing have been associated with which of the following?
a. sex alone
Which of the following is characteristic of
b. childhood and young adult experiences alone
proficient punting?
c. both sex and childhood and young adult experiences
Both sex and childhood and young adult experiences
Action in which of the following body components is characteristic of early kicking?
a. trunk action
b. leg action
c. arm action
d. a and b
e. band c
Leg action
Which of the following is a characteristic of early punting attempts?
a. holding the knee bent as the ball is kicked
b. tossing the ball up rather than just dropping it
c. kicking with the toes
d. a and b
e, a, b, and c
a. holding the knee bent as the ball is kicked
b. tossing the ball up rather than just dropping it
c. kicking with the toes
Which of the following is characteristic proficient punting?
a. using the arms in opposition to the legs after the ball is dropped
b. a short step onto the supporting leg immediately before the punting leg swings forward
c. keeping a slight bend in the knee at ball contact
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
Using the arms in opposition to the legs after the ball is dropped
Which of the following is a characteristic of proficient sidearm striking?
a. a step into the hit toward the oncoming ball
b. differentiated trunk rotation
c. arm extension before contact
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
a. a step into the hit toward the oncoming ball
b. differentiated trunk rotation
c. arm extension before contact
TF: In changing from a throw for distance to a throw for accuracy, the most likely change observed would be a transition to lower steps in the developmental sequences.
True
TF: One problem with using the throw for distance as a gauge of throwing development is that the score reflects body size and strength as well as skill.
True
TF: Research on the tennis serve in older adults demonstrates little change in the coordination of the serve during the older adult years.
True
TF: Research on the golf swing demonstrates that most older adults are less accurate than young adult golfers.
False
TF: In overarm striking, the upper arm (humerus) lags behind the trunk, but the racket precedes the forearm at ball contact.
False
TF: Assuming the sequential movements are well timed, lag in the upper arm and forearm allows momentum to be transferred from proximal body parts to successively more distal body parts, increasing the speed of movement in the more distal body parts.
True
TF: A long contralateral step facilitates trunk rotation.
True
TF Throwing: Recent research has shown that children can be at the most advanced levels of upper arm and forearm action before they routinely use trunk rotation.
False
TF Throwing & Striking: One of the differences between development of throwing and development of overarm striking is the elbow action.
True
TF Striking: Racket lag and trunk rotation less than 90 degrees are characteristic of proficient overarm striking.
False
TF Throwing: Longitudinal study of throws in older adults over a period of 7 years shows that the developmental level demonstrated is relatively stable.
True
TF Throwing: An individual’s given developmental level in the sequences for overarm throwing is so stable that we can compare performance with various task constraints, such as distance and type of ball.
False
Throwing: A valid and reliable way to gauge the development of throwing is to record the accuracy with which children and adolescents hit a target of a specified size from a short distance.
False
Throwing and Striking: In very young children, early attempts at overarm throwing, sidearm striking, and overarm striking all tend to look the same.
True
Kicking: In proficient kicking, the swing (kicking) leg moves through a shortened, compact range of motion at the hip.
False
Striking: The developmental transition for trunk action in sidearm striking is (1) block rotation followed by (2) differentiated rotation.
True
Punting: The developmental transition for arm action in the punt is (1)
no use of the arms, (2) arm movement in opposition to the legs,
(3) bilateral arm movement.
False
Punting: In punting, the developmental transition for the nonpunting leg is (1) a short step, (2) a long step, (3) a leap.
True
Throwing & Striking: A very young child’s early attempts at sidearm striking often resembles early attempts at throwing overhand.
True
Throwing: In general, research has found that older adults perform at the lower levels in the developmental sequences when executing overarm throws.
False
Throwing: In a proficient overarm throw, at the time the shoulder rotates to the front-facing position, the upper arm (humerus) should be swinging forward _______ the shoulders
Behind
Striking: Young children often use a __________ grip to hold the implement used in a striking task, thus ending to undercut the ball.
Power
Throwing: In the development of throwing, trunk rotation in which the lower trunk and upper trunk rotate together, as a unit, is called _____ rotation.
Block
Striking and Constraints: What individual structural constraints that change with aging could affect striking in older adults? How would these differ between older adults who remain active and those who become sedentary?
A loss of flexibility might limit range of motion; a loss of strength might limit speed or distance; a loss of balance might hamper the timing of sequential movements and the ability to apply force.
Kicking & Punting: There is a validated developmental sequence for punting but not for kicking. These skills are mechanically similar, however. Based on the developmental sequence for punting, hypothesize a developmental sequence for arm action in kicking.
no arm action to bilateral arm action to arm movement in opposition to the legs
Object Control skills: Both kicking and striking involve perceptual judgments not required for throwing. How can parents or teachers modify the task constraints for kicking and striking to allow young children to practice the movement without the frustration of being intercepted?
They can make the ball stationary
Prehension: Which type of constraint (s) will influence the development of prehension and grasping of infants?
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Prehension And Reaching: A longitudinal study by Thelen and colleagues (1993) reveals that infants transitioned from prereaching to reaching
at _____ months of age.
3 4 months
Reaching: Thelen and colleagues (1993) believed
infant reaching develops due to…
Practice and experience
Prehension: Infants begin to
purposefully use objects as tools by ___ of age.
24 months
Prehension: Manual performance has been studied in which of the following age groups?
a) infants
b) middle-aged adults
c) elderly adults
Catching: A skilled two-handed catcher would be expected to demonstrate which component of the developmental sequence
related to hand action?
Palms adjusted
Catching: Which of the following concepts is associated with the perception-action perspective of catching?
a) affordance
b) optic array
c) phase shift
Catching: From an information processing perspective, individuals
must ___ to become proficient catchers.
Make more precise calculations
Aging: Older adults are somewhat ___ accurate and ____ variable in their performance than younger performers, and the differences are greater when the moving object moves faster and when the older adults are sedentary rather than active.
Less; more
Catching: Which of the following affects the ability to intercept a moving object?
a) speed
b) ball size
c) trajectory
a) environmental and task constraints
e) All of these
All of these
Sensation: ___ is the neural activity triggered by a
stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and results in sensory nerve impulses traveling the sensory nerve pathways to the brain.
Sensation
Perception: ___ is a multistage process that takes place in the brain and includes selecting, processing, organizing, and integrating information received from the senses.
Perception
Vision: Infants’ vision is about at ___ adults, and by around ___reaches adult levels
5% 10
Perception: Which concept is related to the perception of space?
a. depth processing
b. retinal disparity c, motion parallax
Perception: Which of the following is the type of perception that allows us to find embedded objects?
Figure & ground
Perception: ___ is the perception of actual object size despite the size of its image as projected on the retina.
Size constancy
The kinesthetic, or proprioceptive, system gives body sense and is vital to ability to position oneself and move in the environment. Which of the following is a type of kinesthetic receptor?
a. muscle spindles
b. joint receptors
c. vestibular semicircular canals
Growth and Maturation: Which of the following body parts do individuals develop preference for?
a. hands
b. eyes
c. ears
d. feet
Auditory system: ___ threshold is the closest that two sounds can be yet still allow the hearer to distinguish them at least 75% of the time
Differential
Perception: ___ perception is the coordination between seen and felt properties of objects and is one type of intermodal perception. VPKR
Visual presentation-kinesthetic recognition