Final civics

Question 1

provided for a bicameral legislature, with representation in the House of Representatives according to population and in the Senate by equal numbers for each state.

Answer 1

Connecticut compromise

Question 2

prohibits the government from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion.

Answer 2

establishment clause

Question 3

prohibits states from interfering with the federal government’s exercise of its constitutional

Answer 3

supremacy clause

Question 4

• the idea that a governmental body may not deny people equal protection of its governing laws

Answer 4

equal protection clause

Question 5

allowing congress to make laws not specifically mentioned in the constitution.

Answer 5

elastic clause

Question 5

principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.

Answer 5

Checks and balances

Question 6

provides that Congress make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise. It protects freedom of speech, the press, assembly, and the right to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Answer 6

1st amendment

Question 7

which refers to the division and haring of power between the national and state governments.

Answer 7

Federalism

Question 8

protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure. The government may not conduct any searches without a warrant, and such warrants must be issued by a judge and based on probable cause.

Answer 8

4th amendment

Question 9

provides that citizens not be subject to criminal prosecution and punishment without due process. Citizens may not be tried on the same set of facts twice and are protected from self-incrimination (the right to remain silent). The amendment also establishes the power of eminent domain, ensuring that private property is not seized for public use without just compensation.

Answer 9

5th amendment

Question 10

assures the right to a speedy trial by a jury of one’s peers, to be informed of the crimes with which one is charged, and to confront the witnesses brought forward by the government. The amendment also provides the accused the right to compel testimony from witnesses, as well as the right to legal representation.

Answer 10

6th amendment

Question 11

prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.

Answer 11

8th amendment

Question 12

• No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice

Answer 12

22nd amendment

Question 13

a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body.

Answer 13

veto

Question 14

legislative maneuver that allows a president or other official with veto power to exercise that power over a bill by taking no action

Answer 14

Pocket veto

Question 15

• fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement.

Answer 15

due process

Question 16

the action or result of apportioning something “an exercise in apportionment of blame”

Answer 16

apportionment

Question 17

Oliver Brown’s daughter was not allowed to attend a school in their neighborhood, because they were African American. He sued the School Board, and the case went all the way up to the Supreme Court.

Answer 17

Brown v Board

Question 18

The Supreme Court held that a defendant must know his rights before he can voluntarily waive them. Any statements that the defendant makes prior to being given these “Miranda warnings” are excluded from evidence at trial. Police must also stop questioning whenever the defendant invokes his right to remain silent and they must not persist in trying to get him to talk.

Answer 18

Mirando v Arizona

Question 19

While searching Mapp’s home, the police found nude drawings and erotic books. She was found guilty of possessing obscene materials based on evidence found in the search. Case goes to Supreme Court and the Court overturned, holding that the evidence should be excluded because it was the fruit of an illegal search. BASED DECISION ON 4TH AMENDMENT RIGHTS AGAINST ILLEGAL SEARCH AND SEIZURE!

Answer 19

Mapp v Ohio

Question 20

The Court held that “government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable. “To counteract the Court’s decision, Congress passed the Flag Protection Act of 1989 which prohibited flag desecration regardless of whether people were offended. US V. Eichmann (1990), the court held that the law violated the 1st amendment. The Court said the law outlawed “disrespect” for the flag not physical destruction because the court noted that burning the flag is the proper way to dispose of a tattered flag. Thus, argued the court, the law was punishing a person for the reason he burned the flag. RULING WAS BASED ON 1ST AMENDMENT RIGHT TO FREE SPEECH!

Answer 20

Texas V Johnson

Question 21

Last night as president, John Adams made William Marbury a justice of the peace. The next day, new President Thomas Jefferson cancelled the order, and told Sec. of State James Madison to not deliver Marbury his commission. Marbury took his case to the Supreme Court.
John Marshall Opinion: Congress could not give S.C. power to issue an order granting Marbury his commission. Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. The Constitution did not give power to the S.C.

Answer 21

Marbury v Madison

Question 22

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit reversed and held that the Second Amendment protects the right to keep firearms in the home for the purpose of self-defense, and the District of Columbia’s requirement that firearms kept in the home be nonfunctional violated that right.

Answer 22

Heller v District of columbia

Question 23

the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.

Answer 23

Bill of rights

Question 24

the inclusion of something as part of a whole

Answer 24

Incorporation

Question 25

commitment to traditional values and ideas with opposition to change or innovation.

Answer 25

conservatism

Question 26

the exact middle of a semester or of a politician’s time in office

Answer 26

mid term election

Question 27

direct primary in which only persons meeting tests of party membership may vote..

Answer 27

Closed primary