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Lifespan and Development > Final: Chapters 8 & 9 > Flashcards

Final: Chapters 8 & 9 Flashcards

1
Q

the hormonal and physical changes by which children become sexually mature human beings and reach their adult height

A

Puberty

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2
Q

What do we mean by secular trend when referring to a girl first starting her menstrual period?

A

A century long decline in the average age at which girls start their first period

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3
Q

What is the first sign that a girl can have a child?

A

Menarche; her first period

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4
Q

What is the first sign that a boy can get a girl pregnant?

A

Spermarche; his first ejaculation of live sperm

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5
Q

What hormone signals the onset of puberty?

A

Adrenal Androgens begin around age 6-7 but the HPG axis plays the biggest role around age 9-10

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6
Q

What organs in our body are involved in programming puberty?

A

Kidney (adrenals glands), Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What hormones program sexual desire?

A

Adrenal Androgens and Testosterone

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8
Q

hormone responsible for the maturation of the organs of reproduction and other signs of puberty in men, and for hair and skin changes during puberty and for sexual desire in both sexes

A

Testosterone

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9
Q

What is the hormonal sequence that sets off puberty?

A

The Adrenal Androgens trigger the HPG axis. In the HPG Axis the hypothamic hormone causes the pituitary to secrete its hormones, which then causes the ovaries and testes to develop and secrete the hormone that produces major body changes

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10
Q

Physical changes during puberty that directly involve the organs of reproduction?
Examples?

A

Primary Sexual Characteristic: growth of penis and beginning of menstruation

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11
Q

Physical changes during puberty that are not directly involved in reproduction?
Examples?

A

Secondary Sexual Characteristic: breast development, growth of pubic hair, voice changes, alterations of skin texture

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12
Q

When a female enters puberty what order do the physical changes occur?

A

First they hit a growth spurt, then about 6 months later their breasts begin to develop and they start to grow pubic hair. Shortly after they get their first menstrual period

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13
Q

What is the early visible sign that a boy is entering puberty?

A

Voice changes, growth of body hair and mammoth alterations in body size, shape and strength

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14
Q

What determines the timing of puberty?

A

Genetics usually. But in girls if she is overweight, african american or has a stressful home life she may start puberty earlier.

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15
Q

What is the main social problem for early maturing girls?

A

They are more likely to develop externalizing tendencies, hanging out with older boys and girls (drinking, smoking, unprotected sex), dropping out of school and developing anxiety and depression

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16
Q

What is the main advantage of sending preteens to middle school?

A

It offers everyone a fresh start to meet new people and make new friends

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17
Q

When should you discuss puberty with a child?

A

When they are old enough to have emotionally easier talks, but before changes start occurring

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18
Q

What do we mean by thin ideal?

A

the media-driven cultural idea that females need to be abnormally thin

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19
Q

a life threatening eating disorder characterized by pathological dieting (resulting in extreme weight loss) and by a distorted body image

A

Anorexia

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20
Q

an eating disorder characterized by at least biweekly cycles of binging and purging in an obsessive attempt to lose weight

A

Bulimia

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21
Q

a pathological obsession with getting and staying thin

A

Eating Disorder

22
Q

eating disorder characterized by recurrent, out of control binging accompanied by feelings of disgust

A

Binge Eating

23
Q

When does a persons first sexual feelings occur?

A

When the adrenal androgens begin working, around fourth grade

24
Q

a persons first feelings of physical attraction to another person

A

Sexual Desire

25
Q

What affects does sexual intercourse outside a committed relationship have?

A

It can lead girls to become depressed

26
Q

What is the sexual double standard?

A

A cultural code that gives men greater sexual freedom than women. Society expects boys to want to have sex while girls want to stay virgins or always want a relationship after sex.

27
Q

Compared to other nations, what are the US teen pregnancy rates?

A

The US pregnancy rates are much higher compared to European countries

28
Q

What do most teens what more of when it comes to sex ed courses?

A

They want more romance education classes teaching them “what it means to fall in love”

29
Q

What does G. Stanley Hall mean by storm and stress?

A

A time of intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk-taking tendencies that characterize adolescence

30
Q

According to Kohlberg, what is post conventional thought?

A

The highest level of moral reasoning in which people approach ethical issues by applying their own moral guidelines apart from societies rules

31
Q

According to Kohlberg, what are the levels of moral reasoning?

A

Pre conventional, Conventional, and Post conventional

32
Q

What is the greatest criticism of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning scale?

A

He was wrong when he said children cannot go beyond a punishment and reward mentality

33
Q

What does Elkin say about teens when they question societies rules?

A

It leads them to become angry, experience anxiety and feel the impulse to rebel

34
Q

the tendency for young teens to feel that everyone is watching their every action

A

Imaginary Audience

35
Q

the tendency for young teens to believe that their lives are special and heroic

A

Personal Fable

36
Q

What is the most likely emotional problem that an adolescent counselor will encounter?

A

nonsuicidal self injuries

37
Q

What are some characteristics of who might become troubles adolescence?

A

having prior emotional regulation problems, poor family relationships of living in a risk taking environment

38
Q

What single quality is most likely to promote thriving in a teenager?

A

A strong mentor or close family relationships

39
Q

The US justice system: what is the current approach to teen?

A

The supreme court has outlawed the death penalty and life sentence without opportunity for parole for teens but teens can still be tried as an adult depending on the severity of the crime

40
Q

As a high school student, what single thing seems to indicate successful adult life?

A

When they feel embedded in nurturing schools

41
Q

Why are high school students sleep deprived?

A

Because school starts too early

42
Q

If you are a high school teacher wanting to improve the high school experience what should you do?

A

Offer courses that require the students to think and have their opinions respected by their teachers

43
Q

When does parent-teen conflict peak?

A

When peer group popularity reaches its peak- early to middle teens

44
Q

a small peer group composed of roughly 6 teens who have similar attitudes and share similar activities

A

Clique

45
Q

Crowd vs Gang

A

a crowd is a relatively large teen group who share a set of values, a gang is a group of delinquents who form under economic deprivation and who offer their members protection from harm while engaging in criminal activities

46
Q

What group has the highest status in US public schools?

A

the popular kids

47
Q

When are parents first likely to grant autonomy to their teen?

A

Around their junior year of high school when the child’s focus shifts from rebelling to constructing a successful adult life

48
Q

When do adolescents become more secretive and distant from their parents?

A

Early teens, about age 15

49
Q

According to research, when the “bad guys” get together what happens?

A

The members of the group compete for status by getting in trouble which propels them to take increasingly more risky actions

50
Q

What is adolescents?

A

the age of teenagers, 13-18

Lifespan and Development (1 decks)

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