Final Chapters Flashcards
Cryptobiosis
Tardigrades
Suspended animation
Onychorphora
Phyla mixed Arthropoda and annelids
Walking worms
Nematomorpha
Horsehair worms Adults lack digestive system Freshwater Parasitic on insect Larva infects partenic host Partenic host eaten
Priapulida
Marine
Chitin cuticle
Abundant fossils in Burgess Shale
Nematoda (general traits)
Classification closer to arthropods **amphids: chemosensory organ Diffusion gas exchange Hard cuticle "head" Ganglia "brain" -Anterior nerve cluster Ocelli for light detection
Nematoda (reproduction)
Sexual Sperm is amoeboid not flagellated Chromosome dimunation -only gonads retain all genetic material Eutely growth: -keep a certain number of cells Growth as cells get larger 4 juvenile molts Immature resemble adults
Ascaris lumbridiodes
Parasitic nematode
Intestine -> blood -> lungs -> pharynx -> stomach -> egg in feces
Lung damage
Intestinal blockage
Wucheria bancrofti
Parasitic nematode
Filarial (threadlike)
Matures in lymph nodes -> microfilariae in blood stream -> mosquito vector -> hatch in mosquito -> juveniles infect host
Elaphantitus
Dirifilaria immitis
Parasitic nematode
Dog heartworm
Do not survive in humans well
Mosquito vector
Dracunculus medinesis
Parasitic nematode
Female sticks end out of skin -> freshwater larvae -> intermediate host on copepods -> ingested untreated water
C. Elegans
Beneficial nematode
Used for protein studies
Steinernema
Beneficial Parasitic nematode
Infects insect pests
Gastrotricha
Phyla uncertain affiliation
Marine/freshwater
Herbivore/detrivore
Parthogenic reproduction
Swamp/marsh
Cycliphoria
Phyla uncertain affiliation
Only found on lobster mouth
Chaetognatha
Phyla uncertain affiliation
Arrow worms Marine Planktonic Fins spines for prey feeding Developed nervous system Hermaphrodites
Lophophorate
Lophophore:
-rigid tissue around mouth w/ 1-2 rows cilliated tentacles for respiration and food
All coelomates
Sessile suspension feeders on plankton
Branchiopoda
Lophophorate
-looks like clam/bivalve
Articulate and inarticulate
Articulate Branchiopoda
Lophophorate
Free floating
75% Branchiopoda
Calcium carbonate shell
Held together by tooth and socket
Inarticulate Branchiopoda
Lophophorate
Attached Branchiopoda
Attached to pedicle or stalk
Shell of calcium phosphate
Held together by muscles
Bryozoa
Lophophorate
**module
Formed colonies from asexual reproduction
Phylactolmaemata
Lophophorate
Class
Freshwater Bryozoa
Chitin cover
**staloblast: resistant structure
Echinoderm (general characteristic)
Deuterostome
Larvae: bilateral sym
Adult: radial sym
Water vascular system
Sieve plate
Tube feet
Internal calcareous skeleton
Echinoderm (reproduction)
Sexually
Multiple gonads
(Starfish have gonads in each arm)
External fertilization
Ciliated larvae
Crinoidea
Class of echinoderm
Sea lilies Oldest group Has stalk Extended **pinules** in water for feeding Tube feet not for locomotion Attached or swimming
Stelleroidea
Class of echinoderm
Brittle stars/sea stars **pedicellariae**: jaw like appendage Top predator Appendage can break off for evasion Harmful to reefs 2 stomachs -cardiac stomach: everted to digest prey
Echinoidea
Class of echinoderm
Sea urchin/sand dollar
Calcareous plates joined spherical shell
aristotles lantern: system of plates and muscles in urchins
-Protruded to scrape algae or grind mollusk
Holothuroidea
Class of echinoderm
Sea cucumber
Worm shape body
Flexible lack of calcareous plates
Taste bad
Hemichordata
Phylum
Sister group to echinoderm *deuterostome Marine Gill slits and nerve chord No: notochord or true tail Live in benthic tube descendent of extinct **graptolites
Xenoturbella
Phyla
No organs
Found only coasts of Scotland/Sweden
Non-vertebrate chordates (general characteristics)
Big 4 chordate characteristics:
- notochord
- nerve chord
- gill slits
- postanal tail
Contains all 3 germ layers
Urochordata
Subphylum of non-vert chordates
Tunicates No parasitic species *marine No fossil record Sessile filter feed Only larva have chordate characteristics ^^^tadpoles
Cephalochordata
Subphylum of non-vert chordates
Lancelets
*marine coastal
Adults have all 4 characteristics
**closest relative to vertebrates
Tardigrades
Water bears
Chitin cuticle
