Final - chap. 6-12

Question 1

Conformity

Answer 1

the act of going along with peers

Question 2

Obediance

Answer 2

compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchial structure

Question 3

Informal Social Control

Answer 3

social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule

Question 4

formal social control

Answer 4

carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, and employers

Question 5

control theory

Answer 5

a view of conformity and deviance that suggests our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to societys norms

Question 6

deviance

Answer 6

behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society

Question 7

stigma

Answer 7

a label used to devalue members of certain social groups

Question 8

crime

Answer 8

a violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalities

Question 9

index crimes

Answer 9

the 8 types of crime reported annually by the FBI in the uniform crime reports - murder

Question 10

Victimization survey

Answer 10

a questionaire or interview given to a sample of the population to determine whether people have been victims of crimes

Question 11

white collar crime

Answer 11

illegal acts committed by affluent respectable individuals in the course of business activites

Question 12

victimless crime

Answer 12

acts involving the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal goods and services

Question 13

organized crime

Answer 13

the work of a group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities including prostitution and gambling

Question 14

transnational crime

Answer 14

crime that occurs across multiple national borders

Question 15

anomie theory of deviance

Answer 15

mertons theory of deviance as an adaptation of socially prescribed goals or of the means governing their attainment

Question 16

cultural transmission

Answer 16

a school of criminology that argues criminal behavior is learned through social interaction

Question 17

differential association

Answer 17

a theory of deviance that holds violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts

Question 18

social disorginization theory

Answer 18

the theory that attributes increases in crime an deviance to the abscence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions, such as the family, school, and church

Question 19

labeling theory

Answer 19

an approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not

Question 20

societal-reaction approach

Answer 20

another name for labeling theory

Question 21

differential justice

Answer 21

differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups

Question 22

substantive definition of the family

Answer 22

based on blood, meaning shared genetic heritage and the law

Question 23

Kinship

Answer 23

the state of being related to others

Question 24

bilateral descent

Answer 24

a kinship system in which both sides of a persons family are regarded as equally important

Question 25

patrillineal descent

Answer 25

a kinship system in which only the fathers relatives are significant

Question 26

extended family

Answer 26

relatives live in the same household as parents and their children

Question 27

nuclear family

Answer 27

a married couple and their unmarried children living together

Question 28

monogamy

Answer 28

one woman and one man are married only to each other

Question 29

serial monogamy

Answer 29

a form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time

Question 30

polygamy

Answer 30

a form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously

Question 31

polygyny

Answer 31

a form of polygamy in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time

Question 32

polyandry

Answer 32

a form of polygamy in which a women may have more than one husband at the same time

Question 33

partiarchy

Answer 33

a society in which men dominate in a family decision making

Question 34

egalitarian family

Answer 34

an authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equals