final - ch 4

Question 1

lisbon earthquake 1755

Answer 1

2 major earthquakes: 1st caused fires, 2nd caused sea waves, 70k ppl killed

Question 2

what causes earthquakes

Answer 2

volcanic activity, metoerite impacts, movement of land,

Question 3

fault

Answer 3

fracture in the earth where both sides move relative to eachother

Question 4

stresses

Answer 4

build up to crack the rock and send waves of seismic energy causing earthquake

Question 5

Steno (1669)

Answer 5

discovered law of original horizontality

Question 6

law of original horizontality

Answer 6

sediments are
originally deposited in
horizontal layers

Question 7

law of superposition

Answer 7

in an unformed layer of sedimentary rock, each layer is younger than the one below it

Question 8

law of original continuity

Answer 8

sediment layers are continuous

Question 9

fault - jointing

Answer 9

brittle lithosphere rocks fracture and crack

Question 10

strike and dip

Answer 10

method to describe location of rock in 3D

Question 11

fault - dip slip

Answer 11

dominated by vertical movement, caused by a push or pull

Question 12

normal fault

Answer 12

where dominant force is pulling (type of dip slip)

Question 13

reverse fault

Answer 13

dominant force is pushing (type of dip slip)

Question 14

strike slip fault

Answer 14

dominated by horizontal movement

Question 15

right/left lateral fault

Answer 15

If the right or left side has moved towards you

Question 16

foreshock

Answer 16

smaller events before the earthquake

Question 17

aftershock

Answer 17

smaller events after earthquake

Question 18

seismology

Answer 18

study of earthquakes

Question 19

seismometer

Answer 19

detects earthquake waves

Question 20

seismograph

Answer 20

records earthquake waves

Question 21

seismogram

Answer 21

visual created by sesimograph

Question 22

2 categories of seismic waves

Answer 22

body waves and surface waves

Question 23

body waves

Answer 23

pass through entire earth, faster, shorter periods

Question 24

surface waves

Answer 24

move near surface only, created by body waves disturbing the surface

Question 25

2 types of body waves

Answer 25

p and s waves

Question 26

p waves

Answer 26

primary, first to reach the recording station, travels through solid liquid or gas

Question 27

s waves

Answer 27

secondary, second to reach recording station, travels only through solids

Question 28

2 types of surface waves

Answer 28

love and rayleigh

Question 29

love waves

Answer 29

travel faster, side to side

Question 30

rayleigh

Answer 30

backwards rotating

Question 31

how to find the arrival time of an earthquake

Answer 31

S-P

Question 32

how many stations are needed to identify an earthquake location

Answer 32

3

Question 33

richter scale

Answer 33

measuring amplitude of an earthquake

Question 34

in what order is the feedback presented on a seismogram

Answer 34

aftershock, mainshock, foreshock