Final Cards Flashcards
Wrapping definition
- application of non-adhesive cloth wrap or tensor
- tensors provide excellent compression, but not support
- focus on reducing by-products of inflammation, initially
Taping definition
- application of adhesive backed tape
- provide support and compression
- does not allow for underlying swelling
- used in later stages of injury
KT tape
- first developed in 1979
- adopted by high performance athlete (athletes only represent about 15% of users)
- requires training for application: costly
KT tape effects
- lifts skin increasing space between epidermis and fascia - helps with lymph circulation and blood flow
- relieves pain by releasing compression on nociceptors (sensory receptor for pain)
- simulates neuroreceptors in skin and fascia stimulating proprioception
- mechanical correction of underlying soft tissue (corrects positional errors)
- increase ROM and improves muscle contraction
Tensor (compression) key ideas
- don’t impair circulation distal to site of compression
- never wear to bed
- overlap layers by 1/2
- keep roll firmly wound and roll off bottom of tensor
- begin distally and progress proximally
- do not use excessive tension
- test for circulation, no tingling or numbness
Cloth wrap key ideas
- economical and reusable protection for an ankle that has not recently been sprained
- it will not prevent all ankle sprains but may reduce severity of a sprain
- allows practice of the heel lock (designed to lock the ankle bones of the sub-talar joint)
Purpose of taping
1) support:
- supports ligaments and joint capsules of unstable joints
- limits excessive or abnormal movements
2) enhance:
- enhance proprioceptive feedback
3) support (injuries)
- support injuries to musculotendinous unit by compression and limiting movement
When to tape
- injury prevention
- acute injury management (only for support- when acute management do not use for return to play)
- return to activity (after rehab)
When not to tape
- when further assessment is required
- after an acute injury has occurred
- functional disability/limited ROM
- swelling
- after cold application
- pre-puberty (10-14 years of age)
- for certain sports
- if you are unsure/unfamiliar with athlete’s condition
General considerations of taping
- familiarity with athletes condition
- familiarity with severity of injury
- familiarity with the stage of healing of the injury
- understanding of the physical requirements of the sport/activity
Skin preparation when taping
- hair should be shaved
- Skin: clean, dry, free from oil, etc. covered irritation with a bandage before taping
- underwrap should be used if skin is irritated by the tape
- tufskin for better adhesion (avoid fingers and toes)
Positioning of the athlete when taping
- support structure to be tapes
- should be comfortable
- should pay attention and hold body part in an appropriate anatomical position
Positioning of taper during taping
- should be comfortable
- watch for excessive postural strain on back
Common taping mistakes
Shadows, windows, wrinkles
How to avoid common taping mistakes
- constant tension
- overlap by 1/2
- reapply if you mess up
Tape removal
- use sharks/tape cutters and take care of skin and other delicate structures
- cut tape on the medial side of the leg, posterior medial malleolus
- apply counter pressure to protect skin
Three different tape strips
Anchors, functional tape strips, close off strips
Types of functional tape strips
- figure 8s
- heel locks
- spicas
- spirals
- stirrups
- fans
Describe the evaluation of an athletic injury
- begins when the injury occurs
- continues through the healing process
- goes until injured area has been rehabilitated and athlete returns to activity
- ongoing process
KEAP
Requirements of athletic injury assessment/evaluation
Knowledge
Experience
Acquired skill
Practice
When should you assess the injury? Why?
- ASAP after occurrence
- not assessing quickly could lead to misjudgement in referral mode
- ongoing process
- constant assessment and reevaluation
Where should you assess the injury?
- ideally the location at which the injury occurred
- depends on severity of injury
What should not be done during an on-field assessment?
Recovering clothing or equipment - this can be done off field when necessary to assess
In what circumstances should you not move the athlete?
If you suspect:
- head or neck injury
- fractured spine or long bone
- major joint dislocation
- if athlete is unwilling to move