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final: blood Flashcards

1
Q

normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

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2
Q

normal RBC

A

4-6

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3
Q

normal Hct

A

35-50%

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4
Q

normal Hgb

A

12-17

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5
Q

normal WBC count

A

4,000-11,000

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6
Q

neutrophils

A

bacterial infections
new
50-70%

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7
Q

monocytes

A

chronic bacterial infections

4-6%

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8
Q

lymphocytes

A

viruses

25-35%

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9
Q

eosinophils

A

inflammatory, allergies, parasites

1-3%

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10
Q

basophils

A

inflammatory, release histamine

0.5-1%

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11
Q

neutropenia

A

reduction of neutrophils < 1500
know rate of decline
normal signs of inflammation may be absent due to lack of phagocyte activity

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12
Q

normal signs of inflammation may be absent due to lack of phagocyte activity

A

neutropenia

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13
Q

neutropenic fever

A

> 100.4 + neutrophil count < 500

medical emergency

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14
Q

important care for pts with neutropenia

A 
hand washing
daily temperatures at home
shower/bathe daily
electric razor
infection control
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15
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron disorder

iron accumulates in liver (hepatomegaly)

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16
Q

hemochromatosis treatment

A

remove 500 mL blood weekly for 2-3 years

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17
Q

what should pts with hemochromatosis avoid

A

vitamin C
iron supplements
uncooked seafood
iron rich foods

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18
Q

polycythemia

A

high number of RBC

may impair circulation (hyperviscosity/hypervolemia)

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19
Q

symptoms of polycythemia

A

caused by hypervolemia, hyperviscority, HTN

HA, vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus, angina, CHF, claudication, thrombophlebitis, hemorrhage, epistaxis, GI bleed, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, increased uric acid etc

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20
Q

what secondary disease are polycythemia pts at risk for

A

gout

because of increased uric acid

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21
Q

splenomegaly is a symptom of ___ polycythemia only

A

primary

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22
Q

polycythemia treatment

A

phlebotomy (300-500 mL) q 2-3 months

hydration

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23
Q

thrombocytopenia

A 
decreased platelets (< 150,000)
increased risk of bleeding
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24
Q

level of platelets for prolonged bleeding from trauma

A

< 50,000

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25
level of platelets for spontaneous/life-threatening bleeding
< 20,000
26
immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP)
large bruising autoimmune 1-3 day platelet life
27
acute immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP) mostly seen in
kids after a viral illness
28
chronic immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP) mostly seen in
women 20-40
29
treatment of immune thrombocytopenia purapura (ITP)
``` steroids IV immunoglobulin immunosuppression splenectomy platelet transfusions ```
30
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)
nonimmune blood clots in small vessels of body (blocks blood flow) ``` hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia neurologic abnormalities fever w no infection renal abnormalities ```
31
TTP-HUS
hemolytic anemia acute kidney failure thrombocytopenia
32
cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)
deficiency of ADAM TS 13
33
bleeding and clotting occur simultaneously | medical emergency!
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP)
34
which disease should you not give platelets
thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) | heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
35
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
bleeding is not an issue | discontinue heparin
36
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) common adverse outcomes
DVT | PE
37
thrombocytopenia manifestations
bleeding! epistaxis, gingival bleeding, large bulls hemorrhages on buccal mucosa, petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis prolonged bleeding after procedures complication: hemorrhage
38
hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorder caused by defective or deficient coagulation factors autosomal recessive...displayed in males
39
hemophilia A
factor VIII deficiency
40
hemophilia B
factor IX deficiency
41
von williebrand disease
hereditary bleeding disorder caused by deficiency in von williebrand protein needed for platelets to stick to each other autosomal dominant...seen in both genders
42
manifestations of hemophilia and von williebrand
slow, persistent bleeding from minor trauma uncontrollable bleeding after major procedures (dental) epistaxis GI/GU bleeding splenic rupture from falls ecchymosis hemarthrosis
43
90% of older people with this disease are HIV seropositive
hemophilia | from blood transfusions
44
teaching for hemophilia and von williebrand
``` non contact sports wear gloves for chores medical alert bracelet administration of factor replacement at home kids: helmet to school ```
45
leukemia
malignancy affecting blood/blood forming tissues of bone marrow, lymph system and spleen WBC > 100,000
46
loss of regulation of cell division occurs in
leukemia
47
how is leukemia treated
chemotherapy | stem cell transplant
48
combination chemo is mainstay for 3 reasons
1. decrease drug resistance 2. minimize drug toxicity 3. interrupt cell growth at different stages
49
stem cell transplant
allows for large doses of chemo/radiation
50
hodgkin's lymphoma
reed-sternberg cells in lymph node biopsy
51
hodgkin's lymphoma manifestations
insidious begins w one sided enlargement of nodes on neck nontender, painless
52
"B" symptoms
fever night sweats weight loss
53
treatment of hodgkin's lymphoma
chemo/radiation | aggressive..potentially life-threatening
54
non-hodgkin's lymphoma
unpredictable spread | not diagnosed until later stages
55
non-hodgkin's lymphoma treatment
radiation alone for localized chemo for aggressive disease chemo+radiation for intermediate forms cranial radiation or intrathecal chemo may be used if CNS involvement probable
56
multiple myeloma
malignancy of plasma cells | infiltrate and destroy bone marrow
57
multiple myeloma prognosis
mean survival 3-5 years
58
multiple myeloma symptoms
classic: skeletal pain slow and insidious pain triggered by movement can impinge on spinal cord
59
multiple myeloma diagnostics
pancytopenia and hypercalcemia bone marrow biopsy lab/radiological exams
60
multiple myeloma cure
there is none | control may be possible with chemo, steroids, radiation, biologic agents
61
multiple myeloma management
``` hydration (to minimize hypercalcemia) electrolytes and I&O careful with ambulation (high fracture risk, peripheral neuropathy) pain management DVT infection ```

adult 1 (1 decks)

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