Final article questions Flashcards
Most teat injuries occur
a. w/in one month of calving
b. when the cow is in the pasture rather than in a stall
c. during the last 2 months of lactation
d. as a result of injury inflicted by other cows
e. in the first month of the dry period
a. w/in one month of calving
The major arterial supply to the udder is
a. the caudal superficial epigastric arteries
b. the perineal arteries
c. the sq abdominal arteries d. the external pudendal arteries
e. the caudal deep epigastric arteries
d. the external pudendal arteries
The primary elastic ligamentous supports to the udder are located A. laterally B. cranially C. medially D. Caudally E. circumferentially
C. medially
Laterally is fibrous support
Trauma to a cow's teat increases the risk of mastitis in the associated quarter by approximately a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40% e. 50%
EMPHASIZED IN CLASS
e. 50%
Which of the following teat lacerations has the best prognosis for uncomplicated healing
a. vertical near the base of the teat
b. horizontal near the base of the teat
c. horizontal near the tip of the teat
d. vertical near the tip of the teat
e. horizontal through the papillary duct
a. vertical near the base of the teat
Which of the following types of anesthesia would be inappropriate for repairing a teat
laceration in a standing animal
a. infusion of anesthetic into the teat cistern
b. a ring block at the base of the teat
c. epidural
d. horizontal line block proximal to laceration
e. an inverted v block prox to laceration
c. epidural
impairs the ability to stand due to femoral nerve origin
Supernumerary teats usually are
a. medial or lateral to the normal teats and are smaller than normal teats
b. medial or lateral and larger
c. cranial or caudal and smaller
d. cranial and caudal and larger
e. on the midline of the udder of normal size
c. cranial or caudal and smaller
The primary venous drainage from the udder in heifers that have not yet lactated is?
a. external pudendal veins
b. sq abdominal (milk) veins
c. ventral perineal veins
d. caudal deep epigastric veins
e. dorsal perineal veins
a. external pudendal veins
Sq abdominal veins in animals that have previously lactated
Atresia in which of the following sites has the best prognosis for successful surgical repair?
a. complete teat cistern
b. dorsal quarter of the teat cistern
c. dorsal half
d. ventral half
e. ventral quater
b. dorsal quarter of the teat cistern
After repair of teat lacerations, teat fistulas are most likely to occur when
a. the mucosa of the teat cistern is penetrated by absorbable multifilament suture material
b. mucosa of the teat cistern is penetrated by absorbable monofilament suture material
c. final (4-0) suture material is used instead of heavier suture material
d. the laceration is closed in multiple layers rather than in a single layer
e. a milk- tight seal of the laceration is not obtained
e. a milk- tight seal of the laceration is not obtained
Operating through the papillary duct
a. is less traumatic than thelotomy
b. assoc w/ less risk of hemorrhage w/in the teat cistern than thelotomy is
c. enables easier evaluation of obstructions w/in the teat cistern than thelotomy permits
d. w/ teat curettes and tumor extractors is less traumatic to teat mucosa than thelotomy with scalpels
e. is less likely than thelotomy to result in teat fistula
e. is less likely than thelotomy to result in teat fistula
Which of the following suture materials would be the best choice for closure of the teat cistern mucosa a. polyglycolic acid b. gut c. chromic gut d. silk e. coated dacron
a. polyglycolic acid
Stenotic teat sphincters should be surgically corrected
a. before the morning milking
b. immediately after milking
c. immediately after a cow becomes dry
d. just before calving
e. only in first calf heifers
a. before the morning milking
so you can milk them after to ensure patency
Which of the following post-operative recommendations should be made after operating on a
cow for a tight teat sphincter
a. do not milk the affected quarter for a week
b. only remove milk from the affected quarter with a teat cannula for 2 days
c. milk the affected tear every 15 mins for 2 hrs, then every 2 hrs for the rest of the day
d. milk the affected teat only by hand for one week
e. leave the indwelling cannula in the teat to prevent pressure by milk on the incision sites
c. milk the affected tear every 15 mins for 2 hrs, then every 2 hrs for the rest of the day
Teat spiders are
a. the results of previous trauma to the wall of the teat
b. attributable to accessory glandular tissue in the wall of the teat
c. the result of using non-abs suture in the mucosa of the teat cistern
d. arthropod parasites common in soCal
e. usually found at the junction of the teat and gland cisterns
a. the results of previous trauma to the wall of the teat
When implanting a tube within the teat cistern after removing a mass of scar tissue, the
surgeons should
a. choose the largest fenestrated tube that will allow closure of the thelotomy
b. choose the largest non-fenestrated tube that will allow closure of the thelotomy
c. suture of the tube to the wall of the teat with abs sutured
d, choose a tube shorter than the previous obstruction
e. allow the thelotomy site to close by second intention
a. choose the largest fenestrated tube that will allow closure of the thelotomy
To surgically enlarge a stenotic papillary duct, the incision involving the duct should
a. be as parallel to the papillary duct as possible
b. be angled so that internal structures are cut but the skin is left intact
c. be angled so that internal structures are preserved and only the skin and external structures cut
d. be circular, completely surrounding the papillay duct
e. involve the internal mucosa, sphincter and skin
b. be angled so that internal structures are cut but the skin is left intact
Incisions through the wall of the teat
a. should be perpendicular to the long axis of the teat
b. should be parallel to the long axis of the teat
c. involve the papillary duct
d. only be made under GA
e. should be made on the side of the teat where an obstructing mass is located
b. should be parallel to the long axis of the teat
A circumferential vascular plexus is usually located at
a. the base of the teat
b. the junction of the proximal quarter and distal three waters of the teat
c. the middle of the teat
d. the junction of the proximal 3 quarters and distal quarter of the teat
e. the tip of the teat
a. the base of the teat
Rupture of the mucous membranes at the rosette of Furstenberg
a. results in the profuse hemorrhage and pink milk
b. never causes clinical difficulties
c. can be easily correct by cryosx
d. is easily palpated
e. can be detected by us or double contract rads
e. can be detected by us or double contract rads
In horses, urinary calculi
a. Are more common in males
b. are more common in females
c. are equally common in males and femals
d. do not occur
a. Are more common in males
5- FU ointment is used in horses to treat A. Habronemiasis B. Fungal infections C. SCC D. none of the above
C. SCC
Which of the following methods is most useful in dx of uroliths in horses
a. U/S
b. rads
c. endoscopy
d. thermography
c. endoscopy
In male horses, the preferred surgical approach to the urethral lumen is
a. ventral midline
b. dorsal midline
c. lateral longit
d. ventral transverse
a. ventral midline
in male horses, the perferred sx approach for removal of proximal urethral calculi is
a. subischial urethromotomy
b. laparocystomomy
c. perineal urthotomy
d. none of the above
c. perineal urthotomy
Which of the following structures is not normally incised during a perineal urthotomy? A. CSP B. skin and subcutis C. bulbospongious muscle d. CC penis
d. CC penis
The preferred sx tx of VVR is mares is
a. urethrotomy
b. urethrostomy
c. urethroplasty
d. vulvoplasty
c. urethroplasty
Which of the following is not a urethroplasty technique?
a. caslicks
b. brown
c. shires
d. mckinnon
a. caslicks
Which of the following methods can be used to remove cystic calculi in mares?
a. laparocystomy
b. manual through urethra
c. sphincterotomy
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following drugs reportedly causes priapism in horses
a. bute
b. banamine
c. benztoprine mesylate
d. aceP
d. aceP
Which of the following procedures has been used to treat horses with penile paralysis?
a. phallopexy
b. phallectomy
c. segmental posthectomy
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Lavage of the CCP is indicated in patients with
a. priapism
b. penile paralysis
c. penile hematoma
d. non of the above
a. priapism
Which of the following drugs is reportedly successful in treating horses with priapism? A. atropine b. phenylephrine c. benzotropine meylate d. aceP
c. benzotropine meylate
Which of the following techniques is effective in the treatment of horses with priapism?
a. Segmental psthectomy
b. Phallopexy
c. Lavage of the CC
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following can be used to treat superficial prepubic carcinomas?
a. 5-FU ointment
b. Cryotherapy
c. Segmental posthectomy
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
In horses, the most common preputial neoplasm is
a. fibropap
b. SCC
c. sarcoid
d. hemangioma
b. SCC
Phallectomy techniques in the horse include
a. vinsot
b. scott
c. williams
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Partial posthioplasty is indicated to treat
a. invasive SCC
b. local dermal scc
d. cutaneous habronemiasis
e. b and c
e. b and c
Radical resection of the penis and prepuce is indicated
a. SCC of terminal glans penis
b. invasive neoplasia of the glans and prepuce
c. prox urethral cicatrix
d. none of the above
b. invasive neoplasia of the glans and prepuce
A solitary, 1 cm diameter mass is identified on the penile body of a 13-year-old Appaloosa breeding stallion. The mass is cauliflower-like in appearance, has a narrow base, and does not appear to invade the penile tunic. The regional lymph nodes are not enlarged. Which of the following procedures would be most appropriate in this case?
a. wait and recheck the mass in 6 months, and then remove if enlarged
b. perform en bloc resection since mets
c. perform local excision or circumferential posthectomy
d. perform phallectomy immediately
c. perform local excision or circumferential posthectomy
Phallectomy
a. should be performed when severe preputial lesions are present
b. is indicated for horses with severe lesions of the distal penis
c. involves the removal of circumferential ring of preputial tissue
d. should not be performed on geldings
b. is indicated for horses with severe lesions of the distal penis
Circumferential posthectomy
a. is performed only for severe, infiltrative lesions of the prepuce and penis
b. is assoc with a poor pr when compared to other techniques for external genital tumors
c. should be performed only as a salvage procedure in stallions
d. involves the removal of a circumferential ring of preputial tissue
d. involves the removal of a circumferential ring of preputial tissue
En bloc resection and penile retroversion
a. are warranted for the tx of horses with extensive lesions of the penis and/or prepuce with mets
b. involve the resection of only the distal penis, including glans
c. are assoc with excellent pr
d. should not be performed on geldings because of the change in urination
a. are warranted for the tx of horses with extensive lesions of the penis and/or prepuce with mets
A 15-year-old American Paint gelding is presented for severe preputial swelling with a foul odor. There are multiple SCC lesions on the penis and prepuce. The penis feels thickened, and the superficial inguinal lymph nodes are enlarged. Which of the following techniques is indicated?
a. circumferential posthectomy and ln remoal
b. phallectomy
c. laser ablation of penile and preputial lesions
d. en block resection and penile retroversion w/ superficial inguinal LN removal
d. en block resection and penile retroversion w/ superficial inguinal LN removal
Local excision of the solitary tumors of the equine external genitalia
a. is usually not poss bc of rapid mets and invasion of lesions
b. requires GA
c. can be preformed in the standing horse using local or epidural anes
d. is assoc w a high cure rate for tx of horses with coalesced melanomas
c. can be preformed in the standing horse using local or epidural anes
SCC of the penis w/ involvement of the urethra
a. is assoc w/ better pr for long-term survival than no involvment
b. poor pr
c. necessitates immediate circumferential posthectomy
d. has not effect on pr
b. poor pr
Laser vaproization of external urogenital tumors
a. has been successful in tx of precancerous lesions
b. assoc with high risk of comps and should not be done
c. does not require adequate sx margins because the heat from the laser destroys all tumor cells
d. is commonly preformed using an Nd:YAG laser
a. has been successful in tx of precancerous lesions
Incomplete tumor exicison
a. assoc with transient decrease in prolfieration of residual tumor cells and mets
b. transient increase
c. has no effect
d. is easily avoid when debulking tumors
b. transient increase
periop admin of anticancer drugs
a. is not advised d/t high risk of wound dehiscence
b. is not effective in tx horses with tumors of the external genitalia
c. decreases the efficacy fo the drugs bc of residual tumor cells are resistant to
d. optimizes the efficacy of the anticancer drugs against redisual tumor
d. optimizes the efficacy of the anticancer drugs against redisual tumor
