Final/AP study guide Flashcards
Declaration of Independence
Our breakup letter to Britain, Gov is given power by the people, they have fundamental rights
a. Federalist 10
b. Letter from the federal farmer
a. deals with the danger of “faction” in a democratic government and argues that the federal system that the Constitution created was the best solution to this problem.
b. The Farmer suggests that a truly federal system of government would give more power to the States; states should have more power national gov less
a. necessary or proper clause
b. supremacy clause
c. commerce clause
a. language in Article I, Section, granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers
b. constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land
c. grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity
a. Federalist #51
b. Brutus #1
a. an essay in which Madison argues that the separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny
b. an AntiFederalist paper arguing that the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave too much power to the national government
a. full faith and credit clause
b. privileges and immunities clause
a. constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state
b. constitutional clause that prevents states from discrimination against people from out of state
a. Engel v. Vitale
b. McCulloch vs. Maryland
a. SC ruled that school sponsored prayer was not cool (violated establishment clause)
b. Fed gov has right to set up fed bank but states cant tax the bank
a. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
b. Marbury vs. Madison
a. Yaser Hamdi petitioned the court and challenged his sons detention in Guantanamo Bay SC sided with Yaser
b. established judicial review (the one with salty john adam’s, petty Jefferson and butt hurt judges)
Federalist No. 78
argument by Alexander Hamilton that the federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but would serve as a check on the other two branches
a. pork barrel spending
b. logrolling
c. oversight
a. spending which is intended to benefit constituents of a politician in return for their political support
b. trading of votes on legislation by members of Congress to get their remarks passed into legislation
c. efforts by Congress to ensure that executive branch are acting legally and in accordance with congressional goals
a. Baker vs. Carr
b. Shaw v. Reno
a. one person one vote, Tennessee had wacky district lines, case got up to supreme court and T had to redraw their lines
b. North Carolina tried to draw districts using race supreme court said no so they had to redraw
a. delegate role
b. trustee role
c. politico role
a. the idea that the main duty of a member of congress is to carry out constituents wishes
b. making decisions based on their knowledge and judgement
c. balance their choices with the interests of their constituents and parties
Federalist No. 70
Hamilton argues that an energetic single executive will protect against foreign attacks, provide administration of laws, and protect liberty and property
Bill of rights!
(1-5 ammendments)
- restrict gov power in areas of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petitioning gov
- arms
- no forced quatering troops in homes
- no unreasonable search/seizure
- right to jury, protection against double jeopardy and self incrimination, right to compensation when private property is taken
a. establishment clause
b. Free exercise clause
a. 1st amendment protection against the gov requiring citizens to join or support a religion
b. 1st amendment protection of the rights of individuals to exercise and express their reilgious beliefs
a. Wisconsin v. Yoder
b. Schneck v. US
a. Amish were like we don’t want our kids to have to be in school at 16 it violates our religious rights, SC agreed and law was struck down
b. Schneck distributed antiwar/draft leaflets, gov was like no and SC agreed
a. prior restraint
b. NYC v. US
a. suppression of material prior to publication on the grounds that it might endanger national security
b. NYC had (stolen) papers that made the pentagon look bad, gov was trying to ge them to not publish, SC said they could publish
a. Tinker v. Des Moines
b. Mcdonald v. Chicago
a. high schoolers wore black armbands in protest of Vietnam War, school suspended them, SC said school was wrong
b. overturned Chicago ban on handgun ownership (2nd amendment was incorporated)
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. brown v. board of education
a. Gideon asked for an attorney, wain was like nah, Gideon appealed to SC and Sc overturned his conviction
b. the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional, overruled separate but equal (Plessy v. Ferguson)
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
SC ruled that corporations and labor unions are ‘persons’ and protected under the first amendment - it allows for unlimited spending independent of a campaign or candidate
a. Equal Access Act
b. Second Treatise of Civil Government
a. ensures that noncurricular student groups are afforded the same access to public secondary school facilities as other, similarly situated student groups.
b. by Locke, natural rights, social contract argues for individual rights, limited government, and the social contract as key elements of political power.
a. pluralist theory
b. elitist theory
a. a theory of democracy that emphasizes the role of groups in the policy making process
b. a theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in the policymaking process
a. Virginia Plan
b. New Jersey Plan
c. Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
a. a plan of gov calling for a 3 branch gov with a bicameral legislature where more populous states would have more representation
b. A plan of gov that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes from each state
c. an agreement for a plan of gov: house of rep apportioned proportionally, and Senate equally
