Final: Anatomy

Question 1

gray matter

Answer 1

thin outer layer of cerebral hemispheres (cortex) and center of spinal cord

composed of neural cell bodies, axon terminals, dendrites and nerve synapses

Question 2

white matter

Answer 2

composed of bundles of axons

Question 3

dendrites

Answer 3

receive information

Question 4

axons

Answer 4

send information

Question 5

neuron

Answer 5

composed of cell bodies that connect dendrites and axons

Question 6

myelin sheath

Answer 6

mixture of proteins and lipids that help conduct nerve signals and protect the axons, not a solid sheath, separated by nodes of ranvier

Question 7

glial cells

Answer 7

provide neurons with nourishment, physical support, protection, remove waste, accelerate neural conduction

Question 8

astrocytes

Answer 8

maintain structural support while providing nourishment

Question 9

microglial cells

Answer 9

defend against foreign objects and remove waste

Question 10

oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

accelerate neural conduction via production of myelin

Question 11

myelination

Answer 11

interrupted by nodes of ranvier allows nerve impulses to travel faster via saltatory conduction

Question 12

neuronal synapse

Answer 12

as action potential travels down axon, it reaches the neuronal synapse where neurotransmitter will be released to exert effect on next neuron

Question 13

central nervous system

Answer 13

brain and spinal cord

Question 14

peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

composed of cranial nerves that branch from the brain and spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord

Question 15

Somatic nervous system

Answer 15

(part of PNS) responsible for interactions with external environment and is under voluntary control

Question 16

autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

part of PNS that is responsible for regulating internal functions and is involuntarily controlled

Question 17

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

part of Autonomic NS that prepares us for physical or mental action (fight or flight)

Question 18

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

part of autonomic NS that slows the body to conserve energy (rest and digest)

Question 19

cerebrum

Answer 19

largest part of the brain composed of right and left hemispheres

Question 20

cerevellums

Answer 20

coordinates muscle movements, maintains posture and balance

Question 21

brainstem

Answer 21

includes midbrain, pons and medulla

acts as relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. controls functions like breathing, body temp, sleep cycles

Question 22

frontal lobe

Answer 22

personality, emotions, intelligence, concentration, planning, judgment, speech (speaking and writing) and body movement

Question 23

prefrontal cortex

Answer 23

regulates speech, planning, working memory, sustained attention and goal-directed behavior

Question 24

parietal lobe

Answer 24

spatial and visual perception, sense of touch, interprets language and signals from other senses

Question 25

temporal lobe

Answer 25

memory, hearing, understanding language, sequencing and organization

Question 26

occipital lobe

Answer 26

interprets vision( color light and movement)

Question 27

corpus callosum

Answer 27

bundle of fibers that join the right and left hemispheres and delivers messages

Question 28

hypothalamus

Answer 28

master control of the autonomic nervous system

controls homeostasis and hormones

Question 29

thalamus

Answer 29

serves as a relay station for information entering and leaving the cortex, helping to coordinate various interrelated functions

plays role in alertness, attention, pain, and memory

Question 30

pituitary gland

Answer 30

master gland controlling all other endocrine glands in the body

Question 31

pineal gland

Answer 31

regulates the body’s internal clock and circadian rhythm through melatonin secretion

Question 32

basa; ganglia

Answer 32

works in conjunction with the cerebellum to initiate and coordinate movements

Question 33

limbic system

Answer 33

center for emotion that includes the hypothalamus, amygdala (fear center) and hippocampus (memory)