Final Flashcards
What is the definition of “young old”
Healthy and active
What is the age of the onset of late adulthood?
65 and continues till death
What is the definition of “old old”?
Have some health problems and difficulties
What is the definition of “oldest old”
Frail and need care
Sophia is a 98 year old woman who lives independently and has no major illness and walks daily. What is Sophia’s functional age?
Young old
Wilma is a 65 year old woman who has chronic pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, and recently suffered a stroke. What is her functional age?
Oldest old
What age does research indicate is the fastest-growing segment of the population?
85 and older
In which of the following cultures would ageism most likely be seen?
Western cultures
Aging that involves universal and irreversible change that due to genetic programming occur as people get older
Primary aging
The notion that the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and brain become less efficient with age
Peripheral slowing hypothesis
Which of the following is the term for cloudy or opaque areas on the lens of the eye that interfere with the passing of the light
Cataracts
Which of the following is the term for when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases either because it cannot be drained properly or too much fluid is produced
Glaucoma
Which vision disease, if diagnosed early, can be treated with medication, lasers, and in some cases, a diet rich antioxidant vitamins
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
What percentage of adults over the age of 75 have some degree of hearing loss?
50%
According to surveys conducted in the US, almost ______ of people 65 years old and older rate their health as good, very good, or excellent
3 quarters
What percentage of of people over the age of 65 show symptoms of a psychological disorder?
15% 25%
Which of the following is the most common mental disorder of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning
Dementia
Which of the following people is most likely to show the symptoms of dementia?
African Americans and Hispanics
What percentage of people 85 and older have alzhemiers disease?
Nearly half of people 85+
Approximately how many deaths are a result of Alzheimer’s disease annually in the US?
100,000
Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and tacrine are among the common drugs prescribed to treat….
Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer’s patients makeup ______ of the people living in nursing homes
Two-thirds
Theories that suggest that our body’s DNA genetic code contains a built in time limit for the reproduction of human cells are called
Genetic programming theories of aging
Which of the theories promotes the idea based on the survival of the species that a long life after the reproductive years is unnecessary
Genetic programming theories of aging
The wear and tear theories of aging argues that the body constantly manufactures energy and creates _______ which eventually reach such high levels as to impair the body’s normal functioning
By products
Research shows that _______ declines with age while _______ remains steady and sometimes improves
Fluid intelligence ; crystallized intelligence
The researcher Timothy Salthouse suggest that if people are mentally active all of their lives they enter late adulthood with
Cognitive reserve
In which of the following countries are the elderly likely to show less memory loss?
China
Memories that are related to specific life experiences such as recalling the events of a vacation are
Episodic memories
Memories that are related to general fact such as the names of the capitals of stats or addition facts are
Semantic memories
Memories that are related to unconscious information such as now to ride a bike or boil water are
Implicit memories
A large generational divide involves the use of technology. People over 65 are less likely to use technology than younger individuals. Which would be considered a barriers as to why….
Less interest and less motivated and cognitive decrease and decrease in fluid intelligence
According to Paul costs and Robert McCrae the big five personality traits are
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism,
What is the source of financial vulnerability for people in late adulthood?
A fixxed income
予算
ヨサン- proce of room? いくらの部屋?
Which of the following may soon be considered an incentive to hiring the elderly
As baby boomers retire causing workforce to drastically shrink
How does a person experience ego transcendence?
If they see contributions which can take the form of children, work and civic activities, lasting beyond their own lives
When does research suggest that a man is most likely to leave his wife for a younger woman?
After retirement
Which of the following stages for adjusting to widowhood relates to the immediate reaction to death of a spouse including shock, pain of loss, grief, and reality testing?
Grief and mourning
Which group of grandparents tends to be more involved with their grandchildren
African American
The physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of the elderly individuals is called…
Elder abuse
The absence of a heart beat and breathing is called
functional death
適切
テキセツ- appropriate
A person may be resuscitated and suffer little damage if his/her heart has stopped beating and breathing has stopped for ____ minute
5
When electrical brain waves ceased, this is called
Brain death
Some medical experts argue that a person who suffers irreversible brain damage who is in a coma and who will never experience anything approaching a human life…
Psychological ramifications
How many other countries in the world have a lower infant mortality rate for the first year of life than the United States?
35 countries
The definition of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is
The unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby
(SIDS) usually occurs in babies ages
2-4 months
What is the most frequent cause of death during childhood?
Moto vehicle accidents, fires, and drowning
What method of death for children ages 1 through 9 has nearly tripled since 1960
Homicides
By what age do children accept death as universal and final?
Age 9
What is the occurrence in adolescents where they tend not to think that death can happen to them, and, therefore, they get involved in risky behavior
Death
The most frequent cause of death of adolescents is
Accidents
In early adulthood the leading cause of death is
Accidents, suicide, homicide, and cancer
By the end of early adulthood the most common reason for death is
Disease
In middle adulthood, the leading cause of death is
Life- threatening disease
At what age are fears about death the greatest
Middle adulthood
What is the most frequent cause of death in middle adulthood
Heart attack and stroke
What are the most likely causes of death in late adulthood?
Cancer stroke and heart disease
If cancer stroke and heart disease were eliminated demographers estimate that life of an average 70 year old would be extended approximately
7 years
The acceleration of decline in cognitive functioning related to impending death is called
Terminal decline
The suicide rate for men in late adulthood is
High for men over 85
All of the following are reasons identified in your textbook why elderly men commit suicide except
Severe depression or some for of dementia or loss of spouse
Psychiatrist Kübler-Ross developed a theory of death and dying that involves ______ steps
5
According to Kübler-Ross what is the first step people pass through as they move towards death
Denial
According to Kübler-Ross what is the second step people pass through as they move towards death
Anger
According to Kübler-Ross what is the fourth step people pass through as they move towards death
Acceptance
Gloria is 85 year old woman who has long history of strokes that debilitated her and left her bed ridden. Now she has just experienced another stroke and she knows her death is impending. She has no emotional reaction to this occurrence; however she wants to be left alone. What stage is she experiencing?
Acceptance
The legal document designating what medical treatments people want or do not want if they cannot express their wishes
Living will
When a person designates a specific person to act as their representative in making healthcare decisions, that designee is called
Health care proxy
In which of the following legal documents is the healthcare proxy authorized?
Durable power of attorney
Which state in the United States passed a right to die law in 1999
Oregon
The care provided for the dying in institutions devoted to those who a terminally ill is called
Hospice care
The main purpose for hospice care is
Emphasis on making patients lives as full as possible, not on squeezing out every possible moment of life at any cost
The acknowledgement of the objective fact that one has experienced a death is called
Bereavement
The emotional response to ones loss is called
Grief
In the final stage of grief, people tend to
Accommodation stage
Research contradicts the common assumption that depression aft death of a loved one is widespread; only _____ % of people show relatively deep depression following the loss of a loved one
15-30
True or false: It is clear that the fathers sperm does not determine the gender of the child
False
True or false: dizygotic twins are a good example of the fact that more genetically similar two people are, the more likely they are to share physical characteristics
False
True or false: Brain plasticity in infants is relatively low
False
True or false: The term gender means the same as sex
False
True or false: Vygotsky’s long life enabled him to advance his theories and become influential in the field of child development
False
True or false: Most parents demonstrate a consistent panting mode/style
False
True or false: During early childhood children’s thinking becomes fully mature
False
True or false: Kohlbergs theory contends that students with higher levels of moral reasoning are less likely to engage in antisocial behavior at school
False
True or false: boys and girls sexual maturation follows the same time course Jon development
False
True or false: When the us students math and science scores are compared to other students in the world their math scores fall within the top third in the world
False
True or false: some stress can be positively handled through exercise and or meditation
True
True or false: more men than woman attend college
False
True or false:Strength actually increases during middle adulthood
False
True or false: menopause by itself does not produce psychological symptoms
False
Most legal and illegal immigrants become financially successful in the US because they are highly motivated
True
What age does research indicate is the fastest growing segment of population
Oldest old
What’s true about regarding brain development and aging
Brain becomes smaller and lighter, uses less oxygen and glucose and blood flow is reduced, the number of neurons decline in some parts of the brain.
The theory that processing in all parts of the nervous system including the brain is less efficient is called…
Generalized slowing hypothesis
When a cells ______ have just about disappeared the cell stops replicating making it susceptible to damage and producing signs of aging.
Telomeres
People who study death and dying are called
Thanatologists
Which of the following countries supports and has legalized assisted suicide performance by physicians
Netherlands
What’s included in the first stage of grief
Shock, numbness, disbelief, denial
