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Cardiology > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

A junctional escape beat occurs when

A

When the SA node is slower than the AV node

40 to 60 beats per minute with inverted p waves

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2
Q

An accelerated junctional rhythm has a rate between ___ & ___

A

60-100

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3
Q

An early sign of hyperkalemia is

A

Tall peaked tea waves that eventually merge into a very wide QRS

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4
Q

A pathological q wave indicating infarction should measure

A

0.04seconds or wider or be greater than or equal to 1/3 the height of the R wave

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5
Q

Atrial depolarization is represented on the ECG by the

A

P wave

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6
Q

Blood entering the left atrium arrives via the:

A

Pulmonary veins

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7
Q

Blood pressure is defined as

A

BP = Cardiac Output x SVR

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8
Q

Cardiac muscle is different from smooth muscle in the fact that it has:

A

Intercalated discs, syncytium

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9
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood that a heart pumps in 1 minute

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10
Q

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular filling begin

A

Dyastole, heart relaxes and fills

Systole heart contacts

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11
Q

Elastic and smooth muscle fibers are primarily found in the tunica ____ of blood vessels

A

Tunica media muscle

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12
Q

If the stroke volume decreased, which of the following would occur to maintain the blood pressure and its current value?

A

Contractions of bvs and increase hr

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13
Q

Myocardial ischemia is caused by an imbalance of:

A

Oxygen supply and demand

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14
Q

Normal interval time for the PR interval is:

A

0.12-0.20

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15
Q

Normal interval time for the QRS complex is:

A

0.04-0.12

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16
Q

If QRS is longer than 0.12

A

It’s ventricular

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17
Q

Normal interval time for the QT interval is:

A

0.33-0.42 seconds

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18
Q

On an ECG tracing negative impulses are seen as

A

Downward deflation

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19
Q

On an ECG tracing positive impulses are seen

A

Upward deflection

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20
Q

One large box on the ECG paper indicate

A

0.20 sec

21
Q

One small box on the ECG paper indic

A

0.04 seconds

22
Q

Sterling’s law states that:

A

The more the myocardial muscle is stretched the greater the force of the contraction will be

23
Q

The QRS complex represents

A

Ventricular depolarization

24
Q

The amount of resistance that must be overcome by the left ventricle during systole is called:

A

Afterload

25
Q

The five-step procedure for analyzing ECGs includes:

A
  1. Rate
  2. Rhythm
  3. P waves
  4. PR interval
  5. QRS complex
26
Q

The intrinsic firing rate of the AV node is ___ - ___ per minute

A

40-60 bpm

27
Q

Intrinsic firing rate of SA node

A

60-100 bpm

28
Q

Purkinje system intrinsic firing rate

A

15-40 bpm

29
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is referred to as the ___ valve

A

Mitral valve

30
Q

The right atrial ventricular valve is called the ____ valve

A

Tricuspid valve

31
Q

The most common cause of death resulting from myocardial infarction is:

A

End organ failure

32
Q

The proportion of the left ventricular volume that is pumped out of the heart during systole is the:

A

Stroke volume

33
Q

The right ventricle pushes blood to the lungs through the:

A

Pulmonary arteries

34
Q

The total duration of ventricular depolarization is represented by the ___ on the ECG

A

QRS complex ; T wave reflects repolarization of the ventricles

35
Q

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ___ valve

A

Tricuspid valve

36
Q

There are 15 small boxes between our waves on an ECG tracing, what is the heart rate?

A

0.6 sec

37
Q

Typical stroke volume is about ___ of the volume of the left ventricle

A

2/3

38
Q

Ventricular depolarization is represented on the ECG by the:

A

QRS complex

39
Q

Ventricular repolarization is represented by the

A

T waves

40
Q

Correct sequence of cardiac electrical activity

A 
SA
Internodal
AV
His
Bundle 
Purkinje
41
Q

Which of the following most accurately describes the etiology of wolf Parkinson white syndrome

A

Short PR interval less than 0.12 seconds and long QRS duration more than 0.12 seconds. Additionally, the upstrokes of the QRS are often slurred called Delta waves

42
Q

Which of the following rhythms requires transcutaneous pacing

A

3rd degree block

43
Q

Q waves

A

One small square wide, 0.04 sec, more than 1/3 the height of the QRS complex

Indicate extensive transient ischemia

44
Q

which of the following occurs during depolarization of a cardiac cell

A

sodium potassium pump

45
Q

you are evaluating your patients ecg under fluorescent lights, you notice significant artifact due to

A

60- hertz interference

46
Q

you have administered a drug with potent beta-1 effects. which of the following effects should you most anticipate

A

increased heart rate

47
Q

after leaving the area of the av node, impulses go through the —- to reach the right and left bundle branches

A

av fibers or the bundle of his

48
Q

a short period of electrical inactivity between the end of the p-wave and the start of the qrs complex is called the

A

pr segment

Cardiology (3 decks)

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