final

Question 1

A junctional escape beat occurs when

Answer 1

When the SA node is slower than the AV node

40 to 60 beats per minute with inverted p waves

Question 2

An accelerated junctional rhythm has a rate between ___ & ___

Answer 2

60-100

Question 3

An early sign of hyperkalemia is

Answer 3

Tall peaked tea waves that eventually merge into a very wide QRS

Question 4

A pathological q wave indicating infarction should measure

Answer 4

0.04seconds or wider or be greater than or equal to 1/3 the height of the R wave

Question 5

Atrial depolarization is represented on the ECG by the

Answer 5

P wave

Question 6

Blood entering the left atrium arrives via the:

Answer 6

Pulmonary veins

Question 7

Blood pressure is defined as

Answer 7

BP = Cardiac Output x SVR

Question 8

Cardiac muscle is different from smooth muscle in the fact that it has:

Answer 8

Intercalated discs, syncytium

Question 9

Cardiac output

Answer 9

The volume of blood that a heart pumps in 1 minute

Question 10

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular filling begin

Answer 10

Dyastole, heart relaxes and fills

Systole heart contacts

Question 11

Elastic and smooth muscle fibers are primarily found in the tunica ____ of blood vessels

Answer 11

Tunica media muscle

Question 12

If the stroke volume decreased, which of the following would occur to maintain the blood pressure and its current value?

Answer 12

Contractions of bvs and increase hr

Question 13

Myocardial ischemia is caused by an imbalance of:

Answer 13

Oxygen supply and demand

Question 14

Normal interval time for the PR interval is:

Answer 14

0.12-0.20

Question 15

Normal interval time for the QRS complex is:

Answer 15

0.04-0.12

Question 16

If QRS is longer than 0.12

Answer 16

It’s ventricular

Question 17

Normal interval time for the QT interval is:

Answer 17

0.33-0.42 seconds

Question 18

On an ECG tracing negative impulses are seen as

Answer 18

Downward deflation

Question 19

On an ECG tracing positive impulses are seen

Answer 19

Upward deflection

Question 20

One large box on the ECG paper indicate

Answer 20

0.20 sec

Question 21

One small box on the ECG paper indic

Answer 21

0.04 seconds

Question 22

Sterling’s law states that:

Answer 22

The more the myocardial muscle is stretched the greater the force of the contraction will be

Question 23

The QRS complex represents

Answer 23

Ventricular depolarization

Question 24

The amount of resistance that must be overcome by the left ventricle during systole is called:

Answer 24

Afterload

Question 25

The five-step procedure for analyzing ECGs includes:

Answer 25

1. Rate 2. Rhythm 3. P waves 4. PR interval 5. QRS complex

Question 26

The intrinsic firing rate of the AV node is ___ - ___ per minute

Answer 26

40-60 bpm

Question 27

Intrinsic firing rate of SA node

Answer 27

60-100 bpm

Question 28

Purkinje system intrinsic firing rate

Answer 28

15-40 bpm

Question 29

The left atrioventricular valve is referred to as the ___ valve

Answer 29

Mitral valve

Question 30

The right atrial ventricular valve is called the ____ valve

Answer 30

Tricuspid valve

Question 31

The most common cause of death resulting from myocardial infarction is:

Answer 31

End organ failure

Question 32

The proportion of the left ventricular volume that is pumped out of the heart during systole is the:

Answer 32

Stroke volume

Question 33

The right ventricle pushes blood to the lungs through the:

Answer 33

Pulmonary arteries

Question 34

The total duration of ventricular depolarization is represented by the ___ on the ECG

Answer 34

QRS complex ; T wave reflects repolarization of the ventricles

Question 35

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the ___ valve

Answer 35

Tricuspid valve

Question 36

There are 15 small boxes between our waves on an ECG tracing, what is the heart rate?

Answer 36

0.6 sec

Question 37

Typical stroke volume is about ___ of the volume of the left ventricle

Answer 37

2/3

Question 38

Ventricular depolarization is represented on the ECG by the:

Answer 38

QRS complex

Question 39

Ventricular repolarization is represented by the

Answer 39

T waves

Question 40

Correct sequence of cardiac electrical activity

Answer 40

``` SA Internodal AV His Bundle Purkinje ```

Question 41

Which of the following most accurately describes the etiology of wolf Parkinson white syndrome

Answer 41

Short PR interval less than 0.12 seconds and long QRS duration more than 0.12 seconds. Additionally, the upstrokes of the QRS are often slurred called Delta waves

Question 42

Which of the following rhythms requires transcutaneous pacing

Answer 42

3rd degree block

Question 43

Q waves

Answer 43

One small square wide, 0.04 sec, more than 1/3 the height of the QRS complex Indicate extensive transient ischemia

Question 44

which of the following occurs during depolarization of a cardiac cell

Answer 44

sodium potassium pump

Question 45

you are evaluating your patients ecg under fluorescent lights, you notice significant artifact due to

Answer 45

60- hertz interference

Question 46

you have administered a drug with potent beta-1 effects. which of the following effects should you most anticipate

Answer 46

increased heart rate

Question 47

after leaving the area of the av node, impulses go through the ---- to reach the right and left bundle branches

Answer 47

av fibers or the bundle of his

Question 48

a short period of electrical inactivity between the end of the p-wave and the start of the qrs complex is called the

Answer 48

pr segment