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Polisci Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Gubernatorial Profile

A

40-55 yrs, (6 states have minimum age of 18)
32 women governors
Hispanic, African-American and Asian all have less than 3
Ave. eligibility is 30 yrs, 5 yr resident
$70k-$206k
previous occupation- executive/legislative member, businessperson, former mayor, congressional member
Now: 4 yr terms, 2 term limit

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2
Q

how have the terms of office changed over time?

A

used to be 2yr term, no re-election

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3
Q

how successful have governors been at getting re-elected?

A

from 1974-2004 re-election was at 74%

then went up to 100% in 2008, went back down in 2010 to 94.5%

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4
Q

What changed between 2008 and 2010 in regards to gubernatorial seats changing?

A

Republicans gained 8 seats.

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5
Q

What are the governors formal powers>

A

Appointment power- to appoint leaders to head agencies, departments, commissions
Constrained by low pay, political pressures, high turnovers.long state ballot with elections
budget preparation-sends to legislature for approval
constrained- bad economy,mandates, reduced grants, legislative resistance, little discretionary spending
Veto/ line item veto- mainly political constraints
Executive orders- carry force of law, but risk legislative/public confrontation
Commands National Guard- congress controls money, president can commandeer. Looks good in national disasters, bad in civil unrest cases
Pardon/ clemency- a third of states have pardoning boards, can be politically unpopular

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6
Q

Where does state money come from?

A

45-50% from state taxes
25-30% from federal taxes
20-25% from fees, bonds etc.

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7
Q

Where does state money go?

A

education -35%
healthcare, social services- 35%
Transportation- 7-8%
Corrections 3.5%

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8
Q

What informal powers help the governor?

A

bully pulpit, persuasion, negotiation, ambition, ‘vision’, media relations

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9
Q

Who is the governor of Oregon?

A

John Kitzhaber

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10
Q

Who is the Attorney General of Oregon?

A

Ellen Rosenbaum

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11
Q

Who is the Secretary of the State of Oregon?

A

Kate Brown

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12
Q

Who is the BOLI commissioner?

A

Brad Avakian

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13
Q

Who is the Treasurer of Oregon?

A

Ted Wheeler

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14
Q

Who was Joseph Lane?

A

War hero in Mexican War
1st governor of Oregon Territory, later Senator
Ran for VP
Pro south, pro states rights, racist, not necessarily pro slavery

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15
Q

What did Kitzhaber want to fund/ de-fund?

A

More money for jobs and education, less for healthcare, prisons and pensions

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16
Q

How is the state court system structured?

A

Minor trial courts, trial courts of original jurisdiction and appellate court

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17
Q

What do the minor trial courts do?

A

mostly misdemeanors
municipal and county court (traffic, small claims)
civil and criminal cases
small fines, limited jail time

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18
Q

What do Trial courts of general jurisdiction do?

A 
they get the first trial
evidentiary trial
major civil and criminal cases
district, circuit, superior courts
juries, fine, prison
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19
Q

What does the Intermediate Appellate Court do?

A

procedural review of lower court
multi-judge panels
no juries

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20
Q

What does the State Supreme Court do?

A 
procedural review of lower court
multi judge panel
no juries 
may be divided by civil and criminal
last word in the state
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21
Q

What are the four methods by which judges are selected to serve on the bench?

A 
Governor's appointment- with confirmation by senate or by commission recommendation (mostly to fill vacancies)
Legislative election
Popular election (most states)- partisan/nonpartisan or retention election
merit elections- nominating commissions, then governor appoints, then retention election
22
Q

What are benefits of electing judges?

A

more accountable to public

reduces gubernatorial power

23
Q

What are conflicts of electing judges?

A

cost of election

minority representation on bench

24
Q

what are the benefits of appointing judges?

A

Voters are usually uninformed
elections make judges politicians
governors appoint most anyways

25
Q

What happened to the composition of the Texas State Supreme Court in the late 1980’s?

A

5 of 9 judges in support of TEXPAC

26
Q

What are the results of capping Malpractice damage awards in texas?

A

more and more doctor are applying for licenses there, creating a huge backlog

27
Q

Who are the major ‘players’ in the criminal justice system?

A

The prosecution
The Defense Attorney
Juries (petit and grand)

28
Q

What does the prosecution do?

A

brings/ dismisses charges
diverts case to other authority
bring before grand jury

29
Q

what does the Defense Attorney do?

A 
for the accused
assigns counsel (oldest system)
public defenders (since 1914)
protects clients and compels prosecution to make a case
30
Q

What do juries do?

A 
selected to serve, may be excused
determine guilt (or not) on evidence provided
*bench trial is before a judge only
31
Q

What are benefits of plea bargains?

A

Defendants: reduce charges. sentences and probation time
Prosecution: Reduces time in court and chance of acquittal, higher conviction rate, allows protection of witness and evidence process
Judges: reduces delays, less backlog of cases
Public gets conviction and resolved cases

32
Q

What are problems with plea bargains?

A

Informal, invisible process
no review of evidence collecion
no record of deal on court review
higher chance of coercion

33
Q

What is determinate sentencing?

A

mandatory, fixed sentences, due to mistrust of judicial system and rising drug crime

34
Q

What is the ‘scope’ of local governments?

A

nearly 90,000 governments in US (most special districts)

12 million state employees

35
Q

How has the relationship between state and local governments changed?

A

Formally a unitary relationship, now local has greater autonomy due to home rule charters

36
Q

What are the types of county government?

A

large urban county
growing suburban county
traditional rural county

37
Q

What are the functions of county government?

A 
law enforcement
highway/road construction/ maintenance
property assessment and taxation
record of legal documents
public welfare
new: water, sewer, land use
38
Q

How are counties governed?

A

Legislative: board of commissioners
Executive: County Administrator
Judicial: County courts

39
Q

Who sits on the Lane County Board of Commissioners?

A 
N. Eugene- Pat Farr
S. Eugene- Peter Sorenson
E. Lane- Faye Stewart
W. Lane- Jay Bozievich
Springfield- Sid Leiken
40
Q

Who are Major Lane County Officials?

A

Lane Board of Commissioners
County Attorney- Leane Richardson (hired)
District Attorney- Alex Gardener (elected)
Lane County Sheriff- Tom Turner (elected)
Tax Assessor- Micheal Cowels (elected)

41
Q

What is eminent domain?

A

The government has the power to appropriate private property for public use, with compensation to owner

42
Q

What is gentrification?

A

When middle/upper class people fix up a run down urban area, leading to higher property tax which drives out lower income residents

43
Q

What is the ‘weak mayor system’?

A

only form until 1870’s
mayor ‘figurehead’ only
city council has administrative and legislative roles

44
Q

What is the ‘strong mayor system’?

A

Found in biggest/smallest cities (related to political machines)
mayors powers include- budget control, direct election, appointment power, veto power, administrative power

45
Q

What is the council system?

A

manager system- response of reformers due to corrupt political machines
Separate responsibilities for:
mayor- political/ ceremonial functions
council makes the policies
manager administers policies
new, mid-sized, faster growing, more affluent, more college-educated, business oriented, less diverse, white collar
usually hold non partisan, at large elections

46
Q

What is the commission system?

A

3% of cities use (Portland is the largest)
also promoted by reformers
blending policy making with administration in one body
tends towards logrolling (everybody supports bills)
often has ceremonial mayor

47
Q

What are major roles a city mayor play?

A 
public safety
daily operation of city
recommends/ signs/vetoes legislature
budget
law enforcement
48
Q

What is an ‘at-large’ election?

A

Where someone is elected by the population of the entire region

49
Q

What is a ward election?

A

Where only people in that district vote for their representative.

50
Q

Who was Buddy Cianci?

A

Intermittent mayor for 21 years

convicted of 2 felonies and still got re-elected

Polisci Final (1 decks)

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