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THER. EX. > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Force output of muscle without regard to time

A

Muscle strength

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2
Q

Force output with regard to time

A

Muscle power

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3
Q

Performance of low-load activity over a prolonged period of time

A

Muscle endurance

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4
Q

Heavy load & low reps

A

Muscle strength

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5
Q

Isokinetic- force production at speeds greater than 90 degrees/ sec

A

Muscle power

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6
Q

Isokinetic- force production at speed less than 90 degrees/sec

A

Muscle strength

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7
Q

Low load & high reps

A

Muscle endurance

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8
Q

Describe isotonic exercise

A

same “tone”
“Load” is constant
Velocity is variable
“Load”-based exercise

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9
Q

Parameters-To improve muscle strength

A

Reps- 6-12

Sets- 1-6

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10
Q

Parameters- to improve muscle endurance

A

Reps- 40-50

Sets- 3-5

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11
Q

Describe isokinetic exercise

A

Same “motion”
“Velocity” is constant
Load is accommodating & selectable
“Velocity”-based exercise

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12
Q

Forms of isometric exercise

A

Muscle setting
Stabilization
Multiple angle isometrics

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13
Q

Force development in the muscle in which muscle fibrils shorten in length

A

Concentric

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14
Q

Describe isometric exercise

A

Same “length”
Velocity is constant
Load is accommodating & selectable
Velocity-based exercise

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15
Q

Shortening muscle activity

A

Concentric

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16
Q

Force development in the muscle in which the muscle fibrils increase in length

A

Eccentric

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17
Q

Proximal & distal attachment sites move closer to each other

A

Concentric

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18
Q

Lengthening muscular activity

A

Eccentric

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19
Q

Positive work

A

Concentric

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20
Q

Proximal & distal attachment sites move away from each other

A

Eccentric

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21
Q

At risk patients for Valsalva Maneuver

A 
Coronary artery disease
MI
Cerebrovascular disorders
HTN
Neurosurgery
Eye surgery
Intervertebral disk pathology
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22
Q

Negative work

A

Eccentric

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23
Q

Precautions or Resistance Exercise

A

Valsalva Maneuver
Substitution
Overtraining
Exercise-induced muscle soreness

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24
Q
  1. Increases intra-abdominal & intra-thoracic pressure
  2. Forces blood from heart
  3. Causes abrupt temporary increase in arterial blood pressure
A

Valsalva maneuver

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25
Reinforces poor motor control
Substitution
26
How to prevent Valsalva Maneuver
1. Caution patient against holding breath 2. Have patient breathe rhythmically, count or talk during exercise 3. Have patient exhale when lifting & inhale when lowering load 4. High risk patients should avoid high intensity resistance exercises
27
May be deleterious to joint or other joints
Substitution
28
What type of individuals are at risk of pathological fracture during resistance exercise?
Osteoporosis Osteopenia Bone cancer Bone disease
29
List contraindications of resistance exercises
Pain Inflammation Severe cardiopulmonary disease
30
If pain worsens during exercise & does not diminish
STOP
31
1. If pain worsens during exercise but readily diminishes | 2. Pain stays the same during exercise
PROCEED WITH CAUTION
32
If pain decreases with exercise
GO
33
What are the 3 tasks of motor learning & motor skill acquisition
Discrete Serial Continuous
34
Recognizable beginning and end
Discrete
35
Series of discrete tasks
Serial
36
No recognizable beginning or end
Continuous
37
1. Noted as a % of trials receiving KR | 2. How many times do we give the info?
KR frequency
38
Faded and Bandwidth is a part of _____________
KR scheduling
39
Describe KR delay
1. How long should I wait to tell info. 2. Provides KR following a temporal delay after completion of trial 3. Delaying KR for even a few seconds enhances learning & retention
40
Stages of motor learning
1. Cognitive 2. Associative 3. Autonomous
41
Learner is concerned with: 1. Understanding nature of task 2. Developing strategies to carry out task 3. Determining how task should be evaluated
Cognitive
42
Learner has selected best strategy for the task & begins to refine the skill
Associative
43
BLOCKED practice order
1. Repeated 2. Predictable 3. Lowest level 4. A-A-A-B-B-B-C-C-C-D-D-D
44
D1 ext- LOWER
Hip- extension, abd, IR Knee- flex/ext Ankle- P-flex, eversion Toes- flexion
45
SERIAL practice order
1. Non-repeated 2. Predictable 3. A-B-C-D-A-B-C-D-A-B-C-D
46
RANDOM practice order
1. Non-repeated 2. Unpredictable 3. Highest level
47
List the stages of motor control
Mobility Stability Controlled mobility Skill
48
D2 flex- UPPER
``` Shoulder- flex, abd, ER Elbow- flex/ext Forearm- supination Wrist- ext, radial deviation Fingers/thumb- ext, abd ```
49
To progress out of _____ stage requires full functional PROM
Mobility
50
To progress out of ______ stage requires full functional AROM
Stability
51
Highest level of motor control?
Skill
52
D1 flex - UPPER EXTREMITY
``` Shoulder- flexion, add, ER Elbow- flex or ext Forearm- supination Wrist- flexion, radial deviation Fingers/thumb- flexion, add ```
53
D1 Flex- LOWER
Hip- flex, add, ER Knee- flex/ext Ankle- D-flex, inversion Toes- ext
54
Buoyancy supported
Parallel to surface - IR/ER
55
Buoyancy assisted
Upward/away from surface
56
D2 flex- LOWER
Hip- flexion, abd, IR Knee- flex/ext Ankle- D-flex, eversion Toes- ext
57
Buoyancy resisted
Downward, towards surface | Pushing against
58
Properties of water
``` Density Buoyancy Viscosity Hydrostatic pressure Surface tension Streamline/ laminar flow Turbulent flow Drag Specific gravity ```
59
D1 ext- UPPER
``` Shoulder- ext, abd , IR ELBOW- flex/ext Forearm- pronation Wrist- ext, ulnar deviation Fingers/thumb- ext, abd ```
60
Describe viscosity
Tends to resist body movement. | Faster you move, greater resistance.
61
Process of hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure ➡️ displaces venous blood proximally (fluid back to heart) ➡️ increases cardiac volume ➡️ increases stroke volume & increases cardiac output
62
Describe hydrostatic pressure
1. Promote circulation 2. Decrease peripheral edema 3. Enhanced lymphatic return 4. Offloads immersed joints progressively 5. May support unstable joints or weak muscles
63
D2 ext- UPPER
``` Shoulder- extension, add, IR Elbow- flex/ext Forearm- pronation Wrist- flexion, ulnar deviation Fingers/thumb- flexion, add ```
64
Slow movement | Particles follow smooth path
Streamline/ laminar flow
65
D2 ext- LOWER
Hip- ext, add, ER Knee- flex/ext Ankle-P-flex, inversion Toes- flex
66
Faster movements | Creates more resistance
Turbulent flow
67
Produced by turbulence behind moving body
Drag
68
Specific gravity- WATER
1
69
Specific gravity- ICE
.917
70
Body weight when submerged to Xiphoid
33%
71
Specific gravity- AIR IN LUNGS, human body
.96
72
Specific gravity- NO AIR IN LUNGS, human body
1.1
73
Specific gravity- SUBCUTANEOUS FAT
.85
74
Body weight when submerged to C7
10%
75
Specific gravity- CORTICAL BONE, FEMUR
1.85
76
Specific gravity- CANCELLOUS BODY, VERTEBRAL BODY
.47
77
Temperature range for aquatic exercise; flexibility, strengthening, gait, relaxation
26 - 35 deg. C | 79-95 deg. F
78
Body weight when submerged to ASIS
50%
79
Components of physical function
1. Mobility/ flexibility 2. Muscle performance 3. Neuromuscular control/coordination 4. Stability 5. Balance/ postural control 6. Cardiopulmonary endurance
80
Therapeutic exercise is indicated for:
``` Loss of ROM Loss of strength/power/endurance Decreased balance/ coordination/ proprioception Difficulty performing ADLS Changes in gait/ locomotion Changes in posture/ body mechanics ```
81
Where should we see Exercise safety?
Patient Therapist Environment Individual exercises
82
5 levels to keep patient safe
``` Health history, current status Medication Medical clearance from physician Pt unaccustomed to physical exertion Risk factors identified ```
83
3 levels to keep environment safe
Adequate space Proper support surface Equipment safe, fits pt properly and used properly
84
5 levels to keep exercises safe
Accurate performance Proper posture/ alignment Correct movement patterns Appropriate intensity, speed and duration Patient informed of ➡️ signs of fatigue, risk of injury, rest for recovery
85
4 levels to keep therapist safe
Proper body mechanics Joint protection Use of own body weight Alignment with respect to patient
86
Contraindications and precautions of ROM
When activity is potentially life- threatening When any motion is disruptive to healing process When tissue is responding poorly due to excessive or wrong motion
87
Movement of unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force
PROM
88
No voluntary muscle contraction occurs
PROM
89
Indications of PROM
-Where there is acute, inflamed tissue -when pt is unable or not supposed to actively move segment ➡️ comatose, paralysis, fractures
90
Limitations of PROM
- doesn’t prevent muscle atrophy - doesn’t increase strength and endurance - doesn’t increase circulation as well as active muscle contraction
91
Indications of AAROM
- when pt has weak musculature and is unable to move joint through desired range - bridges gap between available PROM and what patient can achieve actively
92
Movement within unrestricted ROM for segment that is produced by active contraction of muscles
AROM
93
No outside resistance used other than gravity
AROM
94
Mobility ROM?
PROM
95
Mobility consists of:
Joint mobilization Stretching exercises ➡️ passive stretching, inhibitory techniques
96
Stability ROM?
AAROM | AROM
97
Stability consists of:
- resistive exercises (strength, power, endurance) - aerobic exercises - balance exercises - aquatic exercises
98
Composition of CT
Collagen Elastin Ground substance (proteoglycans)
99
Provides strength and stiffness
Collagen
100
Provides extensibility
Elastin
101
Provides hydration, stabilizes collagen, resists compressive forces
Ground substance
102
Properties of CT
Elasticity Plasticity Viscoelasticity
103
Tissue returns to pre-stretch resting length (rubber band)
Elasticity
104
Tissue assumes new and greater length after stretch is removed (play doh )
Plasticity
105
Tissue initially resists deformation when stretch force is applied, but slowly lengthen is force is substained (stretching a shirt)
Viscoelasticity
106
Contractile tissue
Elastic | Plastic
107
Non-contractile tissue
Elastic Plastic Viscoelastic
108
Tissues that withstand high tensile loads are high in ________
Collagen
109
Tissues that withstand greater compression loads are high in _______
Proteoglycans
110
Wavy collagen fibers align and straighten
Toe region
111
Change in stress results in proportional change in strain
Elastic range
112
End of linear phase | Point beyond which tissue does not return to original length
Elastic limit
113
Extends from elastic limit to point of rupture
Plastic range
114
Max strain tissue can sustain
Ultimate strength
115
Tissue ruptured and loses integrity
Failure
116
Gradually increasing then sustained load is applied
Creep
117
Sub failure load applied and kept constant. There is gradual decrease in force required
Stress-relaxation
118
Repetitive loading of tissue in short time duration
Cyclic loading and CT fatigue
119
Motions of roll, slide and spin occur between articulate surfaces of joints
Arthrokinematics
120
Motion of bones relative to the 3 cardinal planes
Osteokinematics
121
Types of active inhibitory techniques
``` Autogenic inhibition - hold relax, contract relax Reciprocal inhibition - agonist contraction Combination inhibition - hold relax with agonist contraction ```
122
Ballistic stretching not recommended for:
Elderly Sedentary Patients with musculoskeletal pathology Chronic contracture
123
Describe ballistic stretching
Rapid forceful, intermittent stretch | High speed, high intensity
124
Movements that can be performed voluntarily
Physiological movements
125
Describe joint roll
Rolling always in same directing as swinging bone
126
Most congruent joint
Surfaces slide
127
More incongruent joint
Surfaces roll
128
Sliding is in same direction of bone
Concave
129
Sliding is in opposite direction of bone
Convex
130
0=
No movement
131
1 =
Considerable decreased movement
132
2=
Slight decreased movement
133
3=
Normal
134
4=
Slight increased movement
135
5=
Considerable increased movement
136
6=
Complete instability
137
Knee flexion | Ankle dorsiflexion
Soft end feel
138
Capsular or ligamentous stretching
Firm end feel
139
Bone or cartilage meets
Hard end feel
140
Humeral IR/ER
Firm end feel
141
Elbow extension
Hard end feel
142
Indications of joint mob
Pain, muscle guarding and spasm Reversible joint hypomobility Positional faults
143
Contraindications of joint mob
Hyper mobility Joint effusion Inflammation Conditions requiring special precautions
144
Point where therapist 1st perceives tissue being placed on stretch
R1
145
Point where joint has reached anatomical limit
R2
146
Amount of traction needed to overcome
Grade 1
147
Enough force applied to take up slack in capsule
Grade 2
148
Force and amplitude is sufficient to place stretch on capsule
Grade 3
149
Small amp at beginning of range
Grade I
150
Large amp beginning to midrange
Grade II
151
Large amp mid to end range
Grade III
152
Small amp at end range
Grade IV
153
High velocity short amp
Grade V
154
Grade I and II=
Pain control
155
Grade III and IV=
Mobility

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