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THER. EX. > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Force output of muscle without regard to time

A

Muscle strength

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2
Q

Force output with regard to time

A

Muscle power

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3
Q

Performance of low-load activity over a prolonged period of time

A

Muscle endurance

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4
Q

Heavy load & low reps

A

Muscle strength

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5
Q

Isokinetic- force production at speeds greater than 90 degrees/ sec

A

Muscle power

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6
Q

Isokinetic- force production at speed less than 90 degrees/sec

A

Muscle strength

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7
Q

Low load & high reps

A

Muscle endurance

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8
Q

Describe isotonic exercise

A

same “tone”
“Load” is constant
Velocity is variable
“Load”-based exercise

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9
Q

Parameters-To improve muscle strength

A

Reps- 6-12

Sets- 1-6

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10
Q

Parameters- to improve muscle endurance

A

Reps- 40-50

Sets- 3-5

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11
Q

Describe isokinetic exercise

A

Same “motion”
“Velocity” is constant
Load is accommodating & selectable
“Velocity”-based exercise

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12
Q

Forms of isometric exercise

A

Muscle setting
Stabilization
Multiple angle isometrics

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13
Q

Force development in the muscle in which muscle fibrils shorten in length

A

Concentric

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14
Q

Describe isometric exercise

A

Same “length”
Velocity is constant
Load is accommodating & selectable
Velocity-based exercise

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15
Q

Shortening muscle activity

A

Concentric

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16
Q

Force development in the muscle in which the muscle fibrils increase in length

A

Eccentric

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17
Q

Proximal & distal attachment sites move closer to each other

A

Concentric

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18
Q

Lengthening muscular activity

A

Eccentric

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19
Q

Positive work

A

Concentric

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20
Q

Proximal & distal attachment sites move away from each other

A

Eccentric

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21
Q

At risk patients for Valsalva Maneuver

A 
Coronary artery disease
MI
Cerebrovascular disorders
HTN
Neurosurgery
Eye surgery
Intervertebral disk pathology
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22
Q

Negative work

A

Eccentric

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23
Q

Precautions or Resistance Exercise

A

Valsalva Maneuver
Substitution
Overtraining
Exercise-induced muscle soreness

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24
Q
  1. Increases intra-abdominal & intra-thoracic pressure
  2. Forces blood from heart
  3. Causes abrupt temporary increase in arterial blood pressure
A

Valsalva maneuver

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25
Q

Reinforces poor motor control

A

Substitution

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26
Q

How to prevent Valsalva Maneuver

A
  1. Caution patient against holding breath
  2. Have patient breathe rhythmically, count or talk during exercise
  3. Have patient exhale when lifting & inhale when lowering load
  4. High risk patients should avoid high intensity resistance exercises
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27
Q

May be deleterious to joint or other joints

A

Substitution

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28
Q

What type of individuals are at risk of pathological fracture during resistance exercise?

A

Osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Bone cancer
Bone disease

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29
Q

List contraindications of resistance exercises

A

Pain
Inflammation
Severe cardiopulmonary disease

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30
Q

If pain worsens during exercise & does not diminish

A

STOP

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31
Q
  1. If pain worsens during exercise but readily diminishes

2. Pain stays the same during exercise

A

PROCEED WITH CAUTION

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32
Q

If pain decreases with exercise

A

GO

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33
Q

What are the 3 tasks of motor learning & motor skill acquisition

A

Discrete
Serial
Continuous

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34
Q

Recognizable beginning and end

A

Discrete

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35
Q

Series of discrete tasks

A

Serial

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36
Q

No recognizable beginning or end

A

Continuous

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37
Q
  1. Noted as a % of trials receiving KR

2. How many times do we give the info?

A

KR frequency

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38
Q

Faded and Bandwidth is a part of _____________

A

KR scheduling

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39
Q

Describe KR delay

A
  1. How long should I wait to tell info.
  2. Provides KR following a temporal delay after completion of trial
  3. Delaying KR for even a few seconds enhances learning & retention
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40
Q

Stages of motor learning

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Associative
  3. Autonomous
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41
Q

Learner is concerned with:

  1. Understanding nature of task
  2. Developing strategies to carry out task
  3. Determining how task should be evaluated
A

Cognitive

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42
Q

Learner has selected best strategy for the task & begins to refine the skill

A

Associative

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43
Q

BLOCKED practice order

A
  1. Repeated
  2. Predictable
  3. Lowest level
  4. A-A-A-B-B-B-C-C-C-D-D-D
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44
Q

D1 ext- LOWER

A

Hip- extension, abd, IR
Knee- flex/ext
Ankle- P-flex, eversion
Toes- flexion

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45
Q

SERIAL practice order

A
  1. Non-repeated
  2. Predictable
  3. A-B-C-D-A-B-C-D-A-B-C-D
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46
Q

RANDOM practice order

A
  1. Non-repeated
  2. Unpredictable
  3. Highest level
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47
Q

List the stages of motor control

A

Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skill

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48
Q

D2 flex- UPPER

A 
Shoulder- flex, abd, ER
Elbow- flex/ext
Forearm- supination
Wrist- ext, radial deviation
Fingers/thumb- ext, abd
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49
Q

To progress out of _____ stage requires full functional PROM

A

Mobility

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50
Q

To progress out of ______ stage requires full functional AROM

A

Stability

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51
Q

Highest level of motor control?

A

Skill

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52
Q

D1 flex - UPPER EXTREMITY

A 
Shoulder- flexion, add, ER
Elbow- flex or ext
Forearm- supination
Wrist- flexion, radial deviation
Fingers/thumb- flexion, add
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53
Q

D1 Flex- LOWER

A

Hip- flex, add, ER
Knee- flex/ext
Ankle- D-flex, inversion
Toes- ext

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54
Q

Buoyancy supported

A

Parallel to surface - IR/ER

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55
Q

Buoyancy assisted

A

Upward/away from surface

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56
Q

D2 flex- LOWER

A

Hip- flexion, abd, IR
Knee- flex/ext
Ankle- D-flex, eversion
Toes- ext

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57
Q

Buoyancy resisted

A

Downward, towards surface

Pushing against

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58
Q

Properties of water

A 
Density 
Buoyancy
Viscosity
Hydrostatic pressure
Surface tension
Streamline/ laminar flow
Turbulent flow
Drag
Specific gravity
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59
Q

D1 ext- UPPER

A 
Shoulder- ext, abd , IR
ELBOW- flex/ext
Forearm- pronation
Wrist- ext, ulnar deviation
Fingers/thumb- ext, abd
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60
Q

Describe viscosity

A

Tends to resist body movement.

Faster you move, greater resistance.

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61
Q

Process of hydrostatic pressure

A

Hydrostatic pressure ➡️ displaces venous blood proximally (fluid back to heart) ➡️ increases cardiac volume ➡️ increases stroke volume & increases cardiac output

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62
Q

Describe hydrostatic pressure

A
  1. Promote circulation
  2. Decrease peripheral edema
  3. Enhanced lymphatic return
  4. Offloads immersed joints progressively
  5. May support unstable joints or weak muscles
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63
Q

D2 ext- UPPER

A 
Shoulder- extension, add, IR
Elbow- flex/ext
Forearm- pronation
Wrist- flexion, ulnar deviation 
Fingers/thumb- flexion, add
64
Q

Slow movement

Particles follow smooth path

A

Streamline/ laminar flow

65
Q

D2 ext- LOWER

A

Hip- ext, add, ER
Knee- flex/ext
Ankle-P-flex, inversion
Toes- flex

66
Q

Faster movements

Creates more resistance

A

Turbulent flow

67
Q

Produced by turbulence behind moving body

A

Drag

68
Q

Specific gravity- WATER

A

1

69
Q

Specific gravity- ICE

A

.917

70
Q

Body weight when submerged to Xiphoid

A

33%

71
Q

Specific gravity- AIR IN LUNGS, human body

A

.96

72
Q

Specific gravity- NO AIR IN LUNGS, human body

A

1.1

73
Q

Specific gravity- SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

A

.85

74
Q

Body weight when submerged to C7

A

10%

75
Q

Specific gravity- CORTICAL BONE, FEMUR

A

1.85

76
Q

Specific gravity- CANCELLOUS BODY, VERTEBRAL BODY

A

.47

77
Q

Temperature range for aquatic exercise; flexibility, strengthening, gait, relaxation

A

26 - 35 deg. C

79-95 deg. F

78
Q

Body weight when submerged to ASIS

A

50%

79
Q

Components of physical function

A
  1. Mobility/ flexibility
  2. Muscle performance
  3. Neuromuscular control/coordination
  4. Stability
  5. Balance/ postural control
  6. Cardiopulmonary endurance
80
Q

Therapeutic exercise is indicated for:

A 
Loss of ROM
Loss of strength/power/endurance
Decreased balance/ coordination/ proprioception
Difficulty performing ADLS
Changes in gait/ locomotion
Changes in posture/ body mechanics
81
Q

Where should we see Exercise safety?

A

Patient
Therapist
Environment
Individual exercises

82
Q

5 levels to keep patient safe

A 
Health history, current status
Medication
Medical clearance from physician
Pt unaccustomed to physical exertion
Risk factors identified
83
Q

3 levels to keep environment safe

A

Adequate space
Proper support surface
Equipment safe, fits pt properly and used properly

84
Q

5 levels to keep exercises safe

A

Accurate performance
Proper posture/ alignment
Correct movement patterns
Appropriate intensity, speed and duration
Patient informed of ➡️ signs of fatigue, risk of injury, rest for recovery

85
Q

4 levels to keep therapist safe

A

Proper body mechanics
Joint protection
Use of own body weight
Alignment with respect to patient

86
Q

Contraindications and precautions of ROM

A

When activity is potentially life- threatening
When any motion is disruptive to healing process
When tissue is responding poorly due to excessive or wrong motion

87
Q

Movement of unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an external force

A

PROM

88
Q

No voluntary muscle contraction occurs

A

PROM

89
Q

Indications of PROM

A

-Where there is acute, inflamed tissue
-when pt is unable or not supposed to actively move segment
➡️ comatose, paralysis, fractures

90
Q

Limitations of PROM

A
  • doesn’t prevent muscle atrophy
  • doesn’t increase strength and endurance
  • doesn’t increase circulation as well as active muscle contraction
91
Q

Indications of AAROM

A
  • when pt has weak musculature and is unable to move joint through desired range
  • bridges gap between available PROM and what patient can achieve actively
92
Q

Movement within unrestricted ROM for segment that is produced by active contraction of muscles

A

AROM

93
Q

No outside resistance used other than gravity

A

AROM

94
Q

Mobility ROM?

A

PROM

95
Q

Mobility consists of:

A

Joint mobilization
Stretching exercises
➡️ passive stretching, inhibitory techniques

96
Q

Stability ROM?

A

AAROM

AROM

97
Q

Stability consists of:

A
  • resistive exercises (strength, power, endurance)
  • aerobic exercises
  • balance exercises
  • aquatic exercises
98
Q

Composition of CT

A

Collagen
Elastin
Ground substance (proteoglycans)

99
Q

Provides strength and stiffness

A

Collagen

100
Q

Provides extensibility

A

Elastin

101
Q

Provides hydration, stabilizes collagen, resists compressive forces

A

Ground substance

102
Q

Properties of CT

A

Elasticity
Plasticity
Viscoelasticity

103
Q

Tissue returns to pre-stretch resting length (rubber band)

A

Elasticity

104
Q

Tissue assumes new and greater length after stretch is removed (play doh )

A

Plasticity

105
Q

Tissue initially resists deformation when stretch force is applied, but slowly lengthen is force is substained (stretching a shirt)

A

Viscoelasticity

106
Q

Contractile tissue

A

Elastic

Plastic

107
Q

Non-contractile tissue

A

Elastic
Plastic
Viscoelastic

108
Q

Tissues that withstand high tensile loads are high in ________

A

Collagen

109
Q

Tissues that withstand greater compression loads are high in _______

A

Proteoglycans

110
Q

Wavy collagen fibers align and straighten

A

Toe region

111
Q

Change in stress results in proportional change in strain

A

Elastic range

112
Q

End of linear phase

Point beyond which tissue does not return to original length

A

Elastic limit

113
Q

Extends from elastic limit to point of rupture

A

Plastic range

114
Q

Max strain tissue can sustain

A

Ultimate strength

115
Q

Tissue ruptured and loses integrity

A

Failure

116
Q

Gradually increasing then sustained load is applied

A

Creep

117
Q

Sub failure load applied and kept constant. There is gradual decrease in force required

A

Stress-relaxation

118
Q

Repetitive loading of tissue in short time duration

A

Cyclic loading and CT fatigue

119
Q

Motions of roll, slide and spin occur between articulate surfaces of joints

A

Arthrokinematics

120
Q

Motion of bones relative to the 3 cardinal planes

A

Osteokinematics

121
Q

Types of active inhibitory techniques

A 
Autogenic inhibition
     - hold relax, contract relax
Reciprocal inhibition
     - agonist contraction
Combination inhibition
     - hold relax with agonist contraction
122
Q

Ballistic stretching not recommended for:

A

Elderly
Sedentary
Patients with musculoskeletal pathology
Chronic contracture

123
Q

Describe ballistic stretching

A

Rapid forceful, intermittent stretch

High speed, high intensity

124
Q

Movements that can be performed voluntarily

A

Physiological movements

125
Q

Describe joint roll

A

Rolling always in same directing as swinging bone

126
Q

Most congruent joint

A

Surfaces slide

127
Q

More incongruent joint

A

Surfaces roll

128
Q

Sliding is in same direction of bone

A

Concave

129
Q

Sliding is in opposite direction of bone

A

Convex

130
Q

0=

A

No movement

131
Q

1 =

A

Considerable decreased movement

132
Q

2=

A

Slight decreased movement

133
Q

3=

A

Normal

134
Q

4=

A

Slight increased movement

135
Q

5=

A

Considerable increased movement

136
Q

6=

A

Complete instability

137
Q

Knee flexion

Ankle dorsiflexion

A

Soft end feel

138
Q

Capsular or ligamentous stretching

A

Firm end feel

139
Q

Bone or cartilage meets

A

Hard end feel

140
Q

Humeral IR/ER

A

Firm end feel

141
Q

Elbow extension

A

Hard end feel

142
Q

Indications of joint mob

A

Pain, muscle guarding and spasm
Reversible joint hypomobility
Positional faults

143
Q

Contraindications of joint mob

A

Hyper mobility
Joint effusion
Inflammation
Conditions requiring special precautions

144
Q

Point where therapist 1st perceives tissue being placed on stretch

A

R1

145
Q

Point where joint has reached anatomical limit

A

R2

146
Q

Amount of traction needed to overcome

A

Grade 1

147
Q

Enough force applied to take up slack in capsule

A

Grade 2

148
Q

Force and amplitude is sufficient to place stretch on capsule

A

Grade 3

149
Q

Small amp at beginning of range

A

Grade I

150
Q

Large amp beginning to midrange

A

Grade II

151
Q

Large amp mid to end range

A

Grade III

152
Q

Small amp at end range

A

Grade IV

153
Q

High velocity short amp

A

Grade V

154
Q

Grade I and II=

A

Pain control

155
Q

Grade III and IV=

A

Mobility

THER. EX. (1 decks)

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