Final Flashcards
What is the most common form of scoliosis?
Adolescent idiopathic
What degree of curvature defines scoliosis?
> 10 degrees (Cobb angle)
The risk of scoliosis curve progression is __ times higher in ___
10x higher in females
What is adult spinal deformity?
Encompasses scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, spondylosis and can lead to imbalance of structural support of spinal column
What device is used to assess the spine for imbalances?
Scoliometer
Spondylolysis vs spondylolisthesis vs spondylitis vs spondylosis
Spondylolysis- fracture of pars interarticularis of vertebral arch
Spondylolisthesis- fracture of vertebral body that slips forward over another
Spondylitis- inflammation of spinal joints
Spondylosis- degeneration of IV discs
What is a Boston brace?
TLSO brace (underarm)
What is a Milwaukee brace?
CTLSO brace (under-chin extension)
When is surgery for scoliosis indicated? (degree)
> 39-50 degrees
What makes the SLR test positive?
Pain in leg, especially between 30-60 degrees
What does SLR indicate?
Lumbosacral radiculopathy (usually herniated disc) and/or sciatic neuropathy
What is contralateral (crossed) SLR for?
Can increase specificity for radiculopathy due to disc herniation (ipsilateral SLR high sensitivity but low specificity)
What is cauda equina syndrome?
Compression of spinal nerve root, usually by disc protrusion, fracture/trauma, or tumor. Usually have LBP, bowel/bladder dysfunction, saddle anesthesia
What are sx of myofascial neck pain?
Pain, spasms, decreased ROM, occipital HA
Who is SCIWORA more common in?
Kids and elderly
What are the Nexus criteria?
Absence of posterior midline cervical ttp
Normal LOC
No evidence of intoxication
No abnormal neuro findings
No painful distracting injuries
–All criteria met = no imaging needed, otherwise apply c-collar and image
What are some nonspinal causes of neck pain?
CAD, malignancy, referred shoulder pain, thoracic outlet syndrome, infection, etc
What is the most common cause of acute and chronic neck pain in adults?
Cervical spondylosis (degenerative changes)
What is myelopathy vs radiculopathy?
Myelopathy - deficit related to SC (emergent MRI)
Radiculopathy - deficit occurring at or near nerve root
What are signs of meningeal inflammation?
Nuchal rigidity, Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs
What structures are involved in thoracic outlet syndrome?
Clavicle and 1st rib
Brachial plexus, subclavian a, subclavian v
What are sx of thoracic outlet syndrome?
Arm pain, numbness, weakness. Usually nerves impacted more than vasculature
What special tests are done for cervical radiculopathy?
Spurling’s test, manual distraction test
What special tests are done for meningeal irritation?
Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign
