final Flashcards
two major groups of photo receptors in the eye are
rodes and cones
a unit measurement of light on a surface
foot-candle
in layered lighting design, nam four basic types of layered lighting
ambient, task, accent, decorative
the four types of glare are
direct, indirect, discomfort, disability
unit of measurement of light output of a lamp
lumen
lighting technique that places lighting close to object or wall
grazing
a lower number in kelvins relates to a BLANK color, while a higher number to a BLANK color
yellow, blue
adaption of the eye occurs when the
the pupil opens and closes when going from light to dark spaces
the eyes field of vision is
65 or (65+65=130)
accent lighting
draws attention to an object
the steps of the lighting design process are
project planning, programming, schematic design, design development, contract docs, contract administration, evaluation
the color correlated temperature (CCT) is
the wavelength of the colors in nanometers, are defined around the perimeter of the color triangle and spectrum of colors
sustainable design is
a build environment that focuses on products and processes that protects the environment
name the seven categories of luminaries
- recessed
- pendant or suspended
- structural/cove
- downlight
- floor lamp/decorative
- task light
- spot/accent light
fiber optic luminaries are includes
illuminator
daylighting used in lighting is
specific to bringing natural light into building
name three types of transmission
direct, diffused, mixed
one foot-candle equals
10.76 lux
which is another name for LED lighting
solid state lighting (SSL)
what are two advantages and two disadvantages of natural light sources
adv: good for health and circadian system, high CRI
disadvantages: might cause glare and fading of materials
photometry is the
measurement of the intensity, brightness, or properties of light
colors in lighting that additive to make white light?
R. G. B.
a luminare prouces 90-100% uplight has the CIE classification of
indirect
what is efficacy
lumens per watt
mean lumen is
average light output over life of lamp
the American’s with disabilities act specifies
-wall mounted luminaries should not extend more than 4 inches
out circadian rhythms disruption can affect
sleep lord, depression and anxiety
the measure of persons ability to distinguish fine detail is called
visual activity
photobiology is the science that examines the interaction of light and living organisms
true
melatonin stops producing around what time
7:30am
what does CRI stand for? and what is the range of it?
color rendering index, ranges from 0-100
what is the degree of warmness or coolness of a light source, measured in kelvins?
color temperature and chromaticity
what is illuminance? and what are the system of units for it?
total amount of light falling on a surface, measured in lux or foot-candle
what is glare? and what are the types by origin and by effects on people
excessive brightness, direct, indirect, disability, and discomfort
brightness is the result of the interaction between an illumination level and the amount of light reflected off various surfaces, known as reflectance
true
name two types of transmission from glass
direct, diffused, mixed and transmission
the visible light spectrum ranges from about
400nm to 750nm
what is included in layered lighting
general, task and accent lighting, decorative
of the three color temperatures listed, which ones contains the highest content of blue?
5000K
the vision process path is as follows
pupil, iris, lens, cornea, retina
what is inter reflection
when light is trapped/reflects between two surfaces
which elements can reduce glare for a luminaire
a. shade
b. baffle and louver
c. lens
ANSWER:ALL
BLANK increases stimulation an impression of pleasantness
adaptation
what is charette
lighting designers, interior designers and other professionals involved in the project engage in a comprehensive brainstorming process
what does an RCP include
- location of luminaries
- dimensions/spacing
- symbol legends
- mounting heights
- location of switches, sensors, outlets, circuiting/wiring
what is included in a physical assessment of the programming phase
- site visits creating inventory of the luminaries.
- determination of luminaries
- situation architectural features/details
- location of electrical outlets, controls
- taking photograph of interior daylighting consideration
observations should occur at different
times of the day
in the design development phase, layouts and lighting systems are presented to the client
true
what is the purpose of the design development phase
in the design development phase, lighting concepts are devised and prepared in the form of presentation media and specifications of products for clients approval. This process formulates the creative ideas
ideal situation is to combine the results of the surveys and interviews with
field observation
the primary purpose of field observations is to watch how people behave in a specific lighting environment
true
what phase is used to determine user satisfaction with lighting design
evaluation (post occupancy evaluation)
what is sustainable design
focuses on the interaction of the earth, society, the economy, and the built environment but conserving resources, minimizing waste, and creating healthy environments for current and future generations
what is EIA
energy information administration
light pollution is
excessive illumination in the sky from electrical sources
who is responsible for educating their clients in sustainable lighting
lighting/ interior designer
how lighting can affect the energy conservation directly and indirectly
directly by power consumption to light up the space. indirectly by air conditioners to consume energy in order to cool down the heat produced by lights
what are the goals in specifying lighting systems for a sustainable design? (3 items)
- minimize energy consumption
- reduce light pollution and light trespass
- maximize daylight
- eliminate toxic substances
- recycle lamps
name spaces with floor and desk work planes
office work stations, meeting rooms (work plan is on the desk_, corridors/hallways, lobbies (work plan is on the floor)
what does not lumen method (zonal cavity method) calculate?
illuminance on vertical surfaces. illuminance on slanted surfaces
what are laws of gestalt
the basic principal that lies behind our ability to distinguish between shapes and background is once again evident here: our unconscious search for order in our visual field. closed forms, proximity, linking line, etc.
the brightness/ lightness of surface depends on
a. its immediate surroundings
b. opposite surfaces
c. ceiling surface
the spatial impression (the perception of elevation and depth) is determined by the direction of the light
true
room cavity is the
space from work plane to the light fixture
illuminance patterns should be in accordance with the architecture
true
uniform lighting with diffused light create BLANK shadows
softer and less distinct
light distribution that is not aligned with the architectural structure of the space is perceived as BLANK that do not relate to the space
disturbing patterns
an occupancy sensor detects movement in several different ways. two of those ways are through infrared and sonic detection
true
you have a single-phase electrical circuit that has a sum total of 1800 watts and an amperage of 7.5: what is the voltage
240 volts
taking the same parameters from above what would your amperage be if the voltage was 120 volts
15 amps
BLANK detect illumination levels and adjusting the lights to specific brightness
photosensors
the CIE states that there are BLANK luminaries light distributions
6
name 4 different types of dining systems used to control lights (regardless of digital or analogue)
DMX, DALI, KNX, phase cut dimming, 0-10V
compare electronic transformers vs. magnetic
magnetic transformers are heavy, noisy and larger than electronic transformers. they are also cost effective and reliable. They have a steel core, encased in copper wire. electronic transformers have an electrical circuit and are lightweight
commissioning is a systematic process of ensuring that all building systems perform interactively according to documents design intent and the owners operational needs
true
semi-recessed luminaries are installed part in the ceiling and part outside of the ceiling
true
name 3 different spaces that fixtures with IP rates are required
outdoor spaces, bathrooms/restrooms, kitchens, SPA/swimming pools, spaces with any unground lighting etc.
lighting control zones are also related to lighting circuits
true
a main issue with transformers is
voltage drop
KNX device can control lighting, blinds, HVAC, energy, management, audio/video, displays, remote controls, etc
true
0-10V dimming works by varying the DC voltage supplied to the LEDs-between zero volts BLANK and 10 volts BLANK
OFF-100% brightness
which dimming systems is an addressable communication interface for lighting systems
DALI
what are the 2 tunable lighting and explain them briefly
color turnable: changing colored light from red to blue.
White turnable: changes the color temperature from cool to warm
dimmers are devices that can change the brightness of the lights by changing the voltage waveform
true
how many RGB (3colors) lights you can control in single DMX 512 universe
170
