Final Flashcards
When was the Pennsylvania gradual emancipation Act signed?
1780
Que sont les Pine Barrer Acts?
1782-1784
South Carolina
You can pay a debt back with any land, even if it is poor or infertile (law to help out people)
When and what is Shays’ Rebellion?
1786-87, New England
Government raises taxes to pay back rich creditors, farmers rebel and demand more equality
Composition des Framers
55 39 signent 20 avocats 20 slaveowners Élite «continentale», connus dans 13 états, cosmopolites
When was the “Grand Convention” (Constitution)
May-September 1787
What arguments are there about the Constitution, despite general agreement?
- Membership of congress: states of population?
2. *
What clause of the Constitution impairs states’ rights?
The contract clause, Art I section 10:
- No state shall enter in alliance with another
- States can’t emit bills of credit
- Can’t pass laws imparing the obligation of contracts
How do the framers address the issue of fugitive slaves?
Art. IV, section 2
Allow slaveowners to recapture them in free states
Name 5 big names who signed the Constitution?
Washington, Franklin, Adams, Hamilton, Wilson
When was Washington inaugurated?
1789
What percentage of town population were villagers?
5-10%
but very influent!
How many turnpikes roads are built in NE between 1790 and 1820?
about 100
What was the name of the Enos Hitchcock novel published in 1793 and that promotes open-mindedness and ambition for countryside children?
The Farmer’s Friend
What institutions do reformers build to “excite youthful ambition” in town people?
Academies
How do academies promote competition among students?
Ranking and exhibitions in villages, where schools give prizes to successful students.
(no corpoal punishment)
When was the Bill of Rights promulgated?
1791
How does the new French Republic threatens the Vattel Peace of Nations in 1792-93?
They promis other Europeans countries to restore liberties in Europe. (extend the rev)
What year was the French Republic created?
1792
When is Louis Capet executed?
1793
When does France declare war on the UK?
1793
What revolutionary french hymn gains popularity in the US?
Ça ira
When was Jay’s Treaty signed?
1795(4) - 1804
Who was the French diplomat who came to the US asking help in the Revloution?
Citizen Tenet
What groups are pro-French, anti-British and Federalist-skeptical?
- Urban workers and tradesmen (Irish and French immigrants)
- Radicals (Pain et co., idées plus à gauche)
- Southerners
What US citizens wear to indicate their political side and what do they each mean?
Cockades
- Tricolore = Republican, pro-France, anti-gvt?
- Black = Federalist
How does Baltimore go from a town to a major city?
Its port is sollicited in the re-export trade during the french-anglo war
When and what was the XYZ affaire?
1797-1798
Three american diplomats go to France, are offered bribes which offends them and make them leave without an agreement.
Leads to Quasi-War between US and France, 1798-1800
Which president doubles the Indian stations during his mandate in order to get them into debt?
Jefferson
What are called the programs in which Britain and Spain are giving out free land? (something the US gov never did)
Headright/Poblador
Year of the Louisianna purchase
1803
What was the name of Jefferson’s land-expansion and commerce doctrine?
“Empire of Liberty”
for and by white households
Année de la création de la République d’Haïti
1804
What are the 3 points to Jefferson’s western land policy?
- Reduce minimum price of western land, $3.20 to $1.60 per acre
- No restriction on slavery below Ohio River (1787 and 1790 acts)
- Jefferson doubles the number of “Indian station
What do you call the forced enrollment of Irish soldiers from the streets they lived in onto royal navy ships?
“Press gang”, impressment
cause of tension leading to war of 1812
Which British ship stopped the USS Chesapeake, the event leading to tensions in 1807?
HMS Leopard
When does Jefferson start the embargo against Britain?
1807
Name and year of the battle that oppose Tecumseh’s revivalist Native federation and American settlers?
Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811
How many Federalists vote for the war of 1812?
None!
Who is reelected in 1812, just before the declaration of war on June 1st?
Madison (Democratic-Republican)
What idea is evoked to justify the war of 1812?
American innocence, British stubbornness in underminding them
What did Jeffersonians build instead ofa ship-of-the-line navy, that they found too centralized and expensive?
Gunboats
small boats with 1 cannon
Why did the militias try to take Upper Canada instead of Montreal, which at the time was the most important city?
They didn’t want to go through the unfriendly north-eastern states, who were opposed to the war
What year and in what battle was Tecumseh killed?
1813
Battle of Moraviantown or the Thames
Quelle nation crie est impliquée dans la guerre de 1812?
Muskogee
Name of the Redsticks massacre
Fort Tim massacre (1813)
What turning point of Andrew Jackson’s life occurs in 1792?
His Tennessee settlement is attacked by Cherokees. After that, Jackson HATES Natives and this hate heavily guides his politics.
1814 battle: Jackson defeats the Redsticks
Horseshoe Bend (Alabama)
1815 battle: Jackson defeats the british troops
New Orleans
… 2 weeks after the end of the war
When is Napoleon defeated in Waterloo?
1815
Monroe’s mandate
1817-1825
Period of economic decline in America, “The Hard Times” (and depression in Britain as well)
1819-1822
Caractéristiques économiques de 1815-1818
- Public spending and importation of english goods go up
- Banks gain importance, print as much as 3000 $/1 real specie
- Cotton culture begins to florish, replacing re-export business as golden cow
- Slave trade from the upper South to the deep South
When was the international slave trade outlawed by the British?
1808
Conséquece de la crise économique en Barbarde
Hightened cruelty towards slaves, who then rebel (Bussa’s rebellion in 1816
What drives tens of thousands of American households to be in debt in 1819? (2)
- Mass purchase of British goods
- Mass purchase of Native land
(capital flight)
Which groups opposed the Stay and Replevin Laws during The Embarassments? (5)
- Rich creditors
- Manufacterers
- The Virginia Argus (influent conservative newspaper)
- Poor people who are owed money
- Andrew Jackson
Who are the Seminoles?
A multi-racial multi-ethnic Nation made up of fugitive slaves from the British and Spanish colonies, and of Indian refugees in Florida.
What sparks Jackson to wage war on the Black Seminoles in 1818?
A white woman is murdered near the frontier in Georgia
What is the Nashville junto?
A clique of Jackson, his close friend and associate Overton and other Tenessee politicians who helped lauch Jackson as President and advised him during his mandate
What propaganda did Jackson and Overton use to promote Jackson’s political career?
Biographies that were basically only about the war of 1812 and lauded him as a hero (spoke little of policy, and not at all of his support for relief)
On what points was Jackson a radical?
US intervention abroad
- US soldiers to accompany trappers in upper Missouri (Indian land)
- Bombing Spanish Carribean harbors
Who wins the election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams (in a contingent election in 1825 in the Chamber of Representatives) because none of the four candidates running had one a majority, even though Jackson came in first with 41% of the vote
Out of the 12 first presidents, which ones didn’t own slaves?
John Adams and his son, Jonh Quincy Adams
Why did the South not like JQA?
- Refuses treaty with Creeks
2. Wants to participate in the Panama Conference, where Haiti will be present
What pamphlet convinced the people of Pennsylvania to cast an emotional vote for Jackson in 1828 even though their policies aligned more with JQA?
The Letters of Wyoming
referencing to a 1779 Iroquois attack in Wyoming Valley, Penn and to Jackson’s record of being hard on Indians
What does Jackson claim is the cause of death of his wife?
Vicious campaign rumors calling her a prostitute
Jackson’s winning stats in 1828 (3)
56% popular vote
doubles the turnout compared to 1824
90% in four states
Year of the Indian Removal Act
1830
4 things about the Indian Removal Act
- Empowers the president to negociate removal treaties
- 500 000$ to be used for bribes
- Doesn’t empower to deport anyone
4.
Patterns of support for Indian removal act in Congress
102 for: slave-holding states, southern
97 against: New England
What is called the ultimate cotton crop that produces cotton balls?
Gossypium barbadense
In the 1830s, what percentage of exports did cotton represent?
50%
How was Jackson party called?
“The Democracy”
What new party forms in protest of the Democracy, and what do they stand for (4)?
Whigs
- Against Indian removal
- Against cotton dependancy
- Against Jackson’s animosity towards 2nd Bank of America
- For a diversified economy, infrstructure, protectionist tariffs
Who were the targets of the mobs of 1835?
Black Americans and abolitionists
What were the lyceum?
Public institutions where people of varied backgrounds and ages came to practice public speaking.
When did the economic depression start in the cotton states?
With the Panic of 1837
When was “The Democracy” and 2 reasons for its defeat?
1840
- Lack of support for the Patriotes of Canada
- Blamed Jackson’s policies for the economic crisis
3 révoltes esclaves avec dates
- German Coast LA, 1811
- Charleston 1822
- Virginia 1831
Who lead the Louisianna slave revolt?
Charles Deslondes
Who was rumored to be conspiring for a slave uprising in Charleston?
Denmark Vesey
Who ran the abolitionst newspaper The Liberator?
Garrison
Which abolitionist is killed by a mob in Cincinnati?
Lovejoy
Years of Mexican-American war
1845-47
When does Texas declare its independance?
1836
Which senotar is beaten in the Senate in 1856?
Charles Sumner
2 components of the compromise of 1850
- California slave-free
2. Extreme slave fugitive laws
Quelle décision de la cours suprême déclare en 1857 la limitation de l’expansion de l’esclavage comme anti-constitutionnelle?
Qui était chief Justice?
Dred Scott. v Sanford
Robert Taney
Who raids the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia and dies an abolitionist martyr?
John Brown
Was was the name of the third party in the 1860 election?
Constitutional union party
Stats Union
20 millions habitants, 2.5x military man power
90% railroads, guns, iron
Navy
Stats Confederacy
12 millions
70% exportations
Military culture and leadership
First battle of the war and confederate victory
Bull Run, Vriginia
Bataille de Fredericksburg qui fut une boucherie pour l’union à cause du général Burnside, incompétent
Fredericksburg, Virginia
Quelle était la capitale des États confédérés?
Richmond, VA
How did the confederate women manifest their opposition to the war that was killing their husbands?
- Encouraging sons and husbands to desert in letters
2. Seizing the bread and rioting in Richmond
What do the 14th and 15th amendments lead to?
- US citizenship
2. Black voting ritghts
Who was Lee’s second-in command who strongly advised him to not attack in Gettisburg?
Longstreak
Which union general marched to the sea?
Sherman
Approx deaths in the whole war
620 000
Year of the declaration of Emancipation?
1863
Quelle proportion de la pop était des esclaves?
1/8
when did the benghal famine occur?
1770-1773
How many copies did Common Sense sell?
120 000
What was the name of the British nabob committing theft and genocide in South Asia?
Robert Clive
When does Tom Paine arrive in America?
1775
What percentage of England vs BNA are legal dependants?
68% vs 80%
Who are the loyalists? (4)
- Quakers
- Anglicans
- Irish and Scottish newcomers
- The West Indies
What book by Emer Vattel aura une grande influence philosophique sur l’élite révolutionnaire?
The Law of Nations
When does the British army occupy Boston?
1775
What year was the Battle of Sarratoga in upstate NY?
1777
What year is the franco-american alliance?
1778
Which founding what sees his house mobbed in 1779 because he is opposed to price control for the poor?
Wilson
