Final Flashcards
How many weeks is considered preterm
Less than 37
How many weeks is a post term infant
Beyond 42 weeks
How many weeks is an early term infant
Born between 37 week and 38 weeks, 6 days
How many weeks is a full term infant
Between 39 weeks and 40 weeks, 6 days
How many weeks is late term
Born between 41 weeks and 41 weeks, 6 days
What are some causes of preterm birth
Multiple births
Maternal Illness
Hazards of actual pregnancy
Placental Abnormalities such as placenta previa and placenta abruptio
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome
aka RDS
aka Hyaline membrane disease
Result of lung immaturity, deficient amount of surfactant
What are s/s of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
RR 60 breaths per min or greater
Grunting, nasal flaring, cyanosis, intercostal and sternal retractions
What is the treatment for Respiratory Distress Syndrome
pre-delivery administration of corticosteroid to the mother, administration of surfactant via ET tube
What are symptoms of sepsis in a preterm infant?
Low temp, lethargic, irritable, poor feeding, respiratory distress
How is sepsis treated?
Administration of IV antimicrobials, maintenance of warmth and nutrition, close monitoring of vital signs, care should be organized to help infant conserve as much energy as possible
What is necrotizing Enterocolitis
Acute inflammation of the bowel that leads to bowel necrosis. Diminished blood supply to the bowels related to hypoxia or sepsis.
S/S of necrotizing enterocolitis
abdominal distension, bloody stools, diarrhea, bilious vomitus
Why are preterm infants placed on the side or prone with head of matress slightly elevated?
Decreases respiratory effort; improves oxygenation
Promotes more organized sleep pattern and lessens physical activity that burns up energy needed for growth and development
What are some issues with a Posterm Infant?
Born beyond 42 weeks gestation
Placenta does not function well as it ages
Can result in fetal distress
Mortality rate of later-term infants is higher than that of term newborns
What are some problems with Posterm delivery?
Asphyxia, meconium aspiration, poor nutritional status, difficult delivery due to size of fetus, birth defects, seizsures
What are physical characteriscts of the posterm infant
Long and thin, weight may have been lost and skin is loose around buttocks and thighs
Little lanugo (soft hair that covers body) or vernix caseosa (white cheesy subtance)
Nails are long and may be stained from meconium
Thick head of hair and looks alert
What blood glucose reading in a neonat indicates hypoglycemia?
below 2.2 mmol/l
S/S of hypoglycemia in a newborn?
Jitterness, poor muscle tone, sweating, resp. difficulty, low temp, poor suck, high pitch cry, lethary, seizsure.
What is Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Fetus expels meconium into amniotic fluid; cord compression or other condition interupts fetal circulation; if asphyxia or adicosis occurs, fetus may have gasping movements that cause meconium-stained amniontic fluid to be drawn into lungs
What is foremilk?
First milk the newborn obtains. It is watery and questions the newborns thirst.
What is hindmilk?
Milk that has a higher fat content. Helps satisfy newborn hunger.
What is Colostrum?
Rich in protective antibodies. Provides vitamins A & E, essential minerals, and has a laxative effect to eliminate meconium.
When is APGAR assessed?
1 min
5 min
How is the babys head measured?
In CM. Measured from bump on back of head (widest part of occiput) to brow bone.
What is Ringers Lactate?
A solution full of electrolytes used after blood loss
What does APGAR stand for?
A-activity (muscle tone) P- pulse G-grimace (reflex) A- appearance (skin color) R-respiratory
When do you do your APGAR eval?
At 1 and 5 min after birth
What is a new borns vital signs?
Pulse: 110-150
Resp: 30-60
BP: 80/64
Temp: 36.2-37.7
What is the Moro Reflex?
Startle reflex; infant draws legs up and arms fan out and come toward midline
What is Rooting Reflex?
infants head will turn in the direction of anything that touches the cheek
What reflexes are a newborn born with?
blinking, sneezing, gagging, sucking and grasping
How much sleep per day for neonates?
15-20 hours
What is Acrocyanosis?
Peripheral blueness in the hands and feet as a result of poor circulation; normal and will resolve. Due to sluggish peripheral circulation. Do not use extremities to assess signs of adequate oxygenation.
Where to test turgor on newborn?
Abdomen
What does meconium consist of? What color?
Amniotic fluid, lanugo, and secretions from intestinal glands. Dark green-black, thick and tarry.
